A Model for Ocean Vertical Mixing Including Convection

包括对流的海洋垂直混合模型

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0241668
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 35.41万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2003-06-01 至 2006-05-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

ABSTRACTPI/Institution: Canuto / LDEO Proposal No: OCE-0241668The main goal of this proposal is to build and test a unified, non-local model to describe non-convective and convective vertical mixing processes in the ocean. The model is intended for use in coarse resolution ocean models. The first part of this work has already been carried out (Canuto et al., 2001, 2002, C1-2). A turbulence model based on the Reynolds Stress Model was constructed which included the velocity field and two active scalars fields, temperature and salinity. Correspondingly, the model provided the eddy diffusivities of momentum, heat and salinity. The model also provided the eddy diffusivities for a passive scalar. All the diffusivities were expressed analytically in terms of the large-scale fields calculable form the OGCMs. The model was tested directly against the data from NATRE (North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment) specifically, the heat, salt and concentration diffusivities vs. depth. The data were reproduced quite satisfactory including the ratio of salt to heat diffusivity. Recent but yet unpublished data from measurements at Barbados (reported by R.W. Schmitt of WHOI at the Hawaii Ocean Sciences Meeting, Feb. 2002) of a much larger mixing at Barbados than at NATRE, are also in agreement with the predictions of the model. When used in a coarse resolution OGCM, the model reproduced data closer to Levitus data than previous models (e.g., a better agreement of the T vs.z profile in the Arctic Ocean). The model is however local and cannot account for key dynamical feature such as the entrainment process, a precursor of convective overturning or Deep Convection, DC. The latter process is one of the ocean's major features since it represents the initial stage of the global-scale ventilation loops of the world ocean and is also the predominant mechanism involved in the production of NADW (North Atlantic Deep Water). Many studies in the last ten years have highlighted major features of DC among which: spatial localization (e.g., plumes-like behavior), non-locality (a tracer injected in a plume will not get mixed into the ambient fluid until the plume "creases to entrain"; a property is thus transported directly from the surface to the bottom, a non-local process); dependence on rotation. In contrast to this wealth of data, the representation in OGCMs of the rich phenomenon of DC is still rather rudimentary. The most commonly used is the Convective Adjustment proposed in 1969. Many shortcomings have, however, been highlighted by recent studies the most prominent being perhaps the excessive level of convection that ultimately yields a poor representation of the ice data (too little ice). A more promising model is based on an oceanic adaptation of a Plume Model originally devised by G.I. Taylor. The model has produced considerably more acceptable results. Thus, at present, vertical mixing processes can only be dealt with by using one model for convective process and another model for non-convective (diapycnal) mixing. Here, we propose a unified treatment of both processes. As stated above, the non-convective mixing part has already been studied and we now plan to extent the previous local model to become non-local so as to encompass the convective processes. Not only have we used such a model to study other types of convection but we have recently shown that the non-local turbulence model reproduces the Plume Model which assumes that Plumes occupy a small fraction of the convective patch which holds true only in the initial stages. Our mixing model will be first tested against LES data and then implemented in HYCOM (an OGCM in isopycnal coordinates). If our project is successful, not only will the convective and non-convective processes be part of the same mixing model but we shall avoid the limitation of the Plume Model just discussed.
摘要PI/机构:Canuto / LDEO提案号:OCE-0241668本提案的主要目标是建立和测试一个统一的非局部模式,以描述海洋中的非对流和对流垂直混合过程。该模型旨在用于粗分辨率海洋模型。 这项工作的第一部分已经完成(Canuto等人,2001,2002,C1-2)。建立了一个基于雷诺应力模型的湍流模型,该模型包括速度场和两个活跃标量场,温度和盐度。相应地,该模式提供了动量,热量和盐度的涡动扩散系数。该模型还提供了被动标量的涡扩散系数。所有的扩散系数表示解析的大规模领域计算形式的OGCM。该模型直接针对NATRE(北大西洋示踪剂释放实验)的数据进行了测试,特别是热量,盐和浓度扩散率与深度的关系。包括盐与热扩散率的比率的数据被相当令人满意地再现。 最近但尚未公布的巴巴多斯测量数据(由R.W. WHOI的施密特在夏威夷海洋科学会议上,2002年2月)的一个更大的混合在巴巴多斯比在NATRE,也与模型的预测一致。当用于粗分辨率OGCM时,该模型再现的数据比以前的模型更接近Levitus数据(例如,北冰洋中T与z剖面的更好的一致性)。然而,该模型是局部的,不能解释关键的动力学特征,如卷吸过程,对流翻转或深对流,DC的前兆。后一个过程是海洋的主要特征之一,因为它代表了世界海洋全球尺度通风回路的初始阶段,也是北大西洋深水产生的主要机制。在过去的十年中,许多研究已经突出了DC的主要特征,其中:空间定位(例如,类似羽状物的行为)、非局部性(注入羽状物中的示踪剂将不会混合到周围流体中,直到羽状物“起皱以夹带”;因此,性质直接从表面传输到底部,这是非局部过程);对旋转的依赖性。与这些丰富的数据相反,在OGCM中对DC丰富现象的表示仍然相当初级。 最常用的是1969年提出的对流调整。 然而,最近的研究突出了许多缺点,最突出的可能是对流水平过高,最终导致冰数据的代表性差(冰太少)。 一个更有希望的模型是基于最初由G.I. Taylor.该模型产生了相当多的可接受的结果。 因此,目前,垂直混合过程只能用一个对流过程模式和另一个非对流(穿透)混合模式来处理。在这里,我们提出了一个统一的处理这两个过程。如上所述,非对流混合部分已经研究过了,我们现在计划将以前的局部模式扩展为非局部模式,以便包含对流过程。 我们不仅使用这样的模型来研究其他类型的对流,而且我们最近表明,非局部湍流模型再现了羽流模型,该模型假设羽流占据对流斑块的一小部分,这只在初始阶段成立。 我们的混合模型将首先对LES数据进行测试,然后在HYCOM(OGCM等密坐标)中实现。如果我们的计划是成功的,不仅对流和非对流过程将成为同一混合模式的一部分,而且我们将避免刚才讨论的烟羽模式的局限性。

项目成果

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Vittorio Canuto其他文献

Vittorio Canuto的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Vittorio Canuto', 18)}}的其他基金

U.S. - India Exchange of Scientists
美国-印度科学家交流
  • 批准号:
    7822370
  • 财政年份:
    1978
  • 资助金额:
    $ 35.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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