Next Generation Flux Meters For Enhanced Geochemical And High-Resolution Real-Time Benthic Flux Monitoring

P.I. Brown，Kevin（SIO）提案编号：0241998提案标题：用于增强地球化学和高分辨率实时海底通量测量的下一代通量计项目摘要本提案将资助开发和建造两个原型仪器，用于测量大陆边缘地区典型的冷渗漏环境中的流体通量。这些仪器在长期监测从潮汐到多月尺度的流动瞬变和地球化学取样方面的能力有所提高。这些资金将用于建造和海上测试（a）一个电子光学流量系统（OFS）和（B）一个优化用于地球化学取样（包括惰性气体）的增强型渗透流量计系统（CAT II）。这两种海底测量装置可结合使用或分别使用，以下列方式测量冷渗漏环境中有关的流体流动和溶解化学物质的通量：a）当与卫星/浮标或电缆观测站结合使用时的实时流体流动测量，B）从潮汐到多月时间尺度的流体流动瞬变的测量，c）增强海底与远程收集室的耦合，以消除电流引起的噪声，d）减少收集室中的死空间，改善地球化学取样的响应时间，e）增加惰性气体和甲烷气体采样能力，提高化学采样能力。PI将在实验室模拟中测试新仪器，海上，以及通过在渗漏区部署现场，在渗漏区可使用其他测量方法进行比较。Pi还在东北太平洋温哥华岛附近的努特卡断层上的一个原型深水声学连接系泊浮标海底观测站积极进行测试。长约18个月的系泊浮标位于渗漏活跃区，浮标将安装海底地震仪、声学多普勒海流剖面仪、温度、化学传感器、海底压力和孔隙压力传感器、不同类型的渗漏计以及电导率-温度-深度传感器。这些额外的数据将使PI能够将其结果与几种不同类型的流体流量估计方法（例如孔隙压力传感器）以及驱动任何流量瞬变的不同潜在脉冲（即潮汐、洋流和地震）相关联。

P.I. Brown, Kevin (SIO) Proposal #: 0241998Proposal Title: Next Generation Flux Meters For Enhanced Geochemical And High-Resolution Real-Time Benthic Flux MonitoringProject Summary This proposal will fund the development and construction of two prototype instruments that measure fluid flux in cold seep environments typical of continental margin areas. These instruments have an improved capability for long-term monitoring of flow transience, from tidal to multi-month scales, and geochemical sampling. The funds will be used to build and sea test (a) an electronic optical flow system (OFS) and (b) an enhanced osmotic flow meter system (CAT II) optimized for geochemical sampling (including noble gasses). These two benthic measurement devices can be used in conjunction or separately to measure fluid flow and fluxes of dissolved chemical species of interest in cold seep environments in the following ways: a) real-time fluid flow measurements when used in conjunction with satellite/buoy or cable observatories, b) measurement of transience in fluid flow from tidal to multi-month time scales, c) enhanced seabed coupling with remote collection chambers to negate current induced noise, d) reduced dead space in collection chamber improving response time for geochemical sampling, and e) increased chemical sampling ability with the addition of gas sampling capability for noble gases and methane.The PI will test the new instrumentation in lab simulations, offshore, and in situ through deployment in a seep area where other measurements are available for comparison. The Pi is also actively pursuing a test at a prototype deep-water, acoustically linked, moored-buoy seafloor observatory on the Nootka Fault off Vancouver Island in the Northeast Pacific. The~18 month long moored-buoy site is at an active area of seepage and the buoy will be fitted with an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS), an acoustic-doppler current profiler (ADCP), temperature, chemical sensors, bottom pressure and pore pressure sensors, different types of seep meters, and a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor. These additional data will enable the PI to correlate his results with several different types fluid flow estimation methods (e.g. the pore pressure sensors) as well as with different potential impulses driving any transience in flow (i.e. tides, ocean currents and seismcity).