FOR 667: Epithelial Mechanisms in Renal Volume Regulation

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The kidneys filter a daily input of 1500 liters of blood and produce 180 liters of primary ultrafiltrate. The ultrafiltrate becomes elaborated by the renal tubule until the final formation of 1.5 liters of urine. Specific activities of the tubular epithelium help to perform this major task of the kidney. In the tubule, filtered ions and water are being reabsorbed. In addition, many compounds are transported in- and outwards according to the momentary requirements to be recovered by the circulation, or excreted into the urine. Body sodium and water balance are importantly regulated by renal mechanisms which help to keep plasma osmolality within tight limits irrespective of the wide variations in dietary salt and water uptake. The control of sodium balance and the adjustment of blood pressure depend on each other.