Models and Algorithms for Value Pricing Applications

本研究的目的是发展次优收费定价问题的理论和算法，重点是当前交通系统设计中感兴趣的拥堵/价值定价方案。理论研究将为开发方法提供基础，这些方法将被测试和比较，以评估其在实践中的使用潜力。虽然没有严格的价格确定模型的好处，但加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、马里兰州、明尼苏达州和德克萨斯州试点项目的初步结果表明，通行费确实对交通量有影响，在较小程度上也会影响公交乘客。本提案中涉及的研究将为通行费定价模型提供一个严格的框架，并包括当前和拟议的定价概念，如热点(高使用率收费)车道、公平(快速和交织的常规车道)和警戒线系统。开发的方法将：提供机制，帮助交通规划者确定和比较引导出行者更有效地使用城市交通系统的收费定价方案，帮助规划者确定现有和拟议定价方案的效率，提供预测定价对城市交通流量和交通系统使用的影响的手段，并提供对拥堵/价值定价计划的财务和政治成功至关重要的信息。

The objective of this research proposes to develop theory and algorithms for the second-best toll pricing problem, with an emphasis on the congestion/value pricing schemes of current interest in the design of transportation systems. The theoretical investigation will provide the foundation for the development of methods that will be tested and compared to assess their potential for use in practice.While done without the benefits of rigorous models for determining prices, early results from pilot programs in California, Florida, Maryland, Minnesota, and Texas show that tolling does have impact on traffic volume and, to a lesser degree, on transit ridership as well. The research addressed in this proposal will provide a rigorous framework for toll pricing models, and include current and proposed pricing concepts such as HOT (High Occupancy Toll) lanes, FAIR (Fast and Intertwined Regular) Lanes, and cordon systems. The methods developed will: provide mechanisms to aid transportation planners in determining and comparing toll pricing schemes that induce travelers to use urban transportation system more efficiently, assist planners in determining the efficiency of the existing and proposed pricing schemes, provide the means to predict impacts of pricing on urban traffic flows and on transit system usage, and provide information essential to the financial and political success of congestion/ value pricing programs.