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Epithelial defense in Hydra

水螅的上皮防御

基本信息

批准号：
162531313
负责人：
Professor Dr. Thomas C. G. Bosch
金额：
--
依托单位：
Zoologisches Institut
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/162531313?language=en
关键词：
Epithelial defense Hydra

项目摘要

The phylum Cnidaria is one ofthe earliest branches in the animal tree of life. Cnidarians possess most of the gene families found in bilalerians and have relained many ancestral genes that have been lost in Drosophila and C. elegans. Characterisation of the innate immune repertoire of extant cnidarians is, therefore, of both fundamental and applied interest - it not only provides insights into the basic immunological tool kit of the common ancestor of all animals, but is also likely to be important in understanding human barrier disorders by describing ancient mechanisms of host/microbial interactions and the resulting evolutionary selection processes. In the last few years we have made considerable progress in characterizing the innate immune system in Hydra, one of the simplest multicellular animals known. In the complete absence of both protective mechanical barriers and mobile phagocytes. Hydra is remarkably well equipped to prevent pathogens infection. Our findings reveal highly active antimicrobial peptides and a complex genetic network involved in the interaction of host and microbiota at the beginning of metazoan evolution. The observations support the hypothesis that the epithelium represents the ancient system of host defense. Consistent with that, we have shown that epithelia in Hydra play an active role in selecting their microbiota and have proposed that antimicrobial peptides are key factors for host-bacteria coevolution. We now propose to study innate immune reactions in Hydra in more detail with the final goal of, (i) understanding the interactions of hydra epithelia with the associated microbial community; (ii) characterization of the glycocalix as a not yet understood physical barrier in microbial defence; (iii) characterizing the role of secretory gland cells in defence reactions; and (iv) identification of antifungal molecules.

刺胞门是动物生命树中最早的分支之一。刺胞动物拥有在双胞动物中发现的大多数基因家族，并保留了许多在果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫中丢失的祖先基因。因此，对现存刺胞动物先天免疫库的描述具有基础和应用价值——它不仅提供了对所有动物共同祖先的基本免疫工具包的见解，而且通过描述宿主/微生物相互作用的古老机制以及由此产生的进化选择过程，对于理解人类屏障障碍也可能很重要。在过去的几年里，我们在描述九头蛇的先天免疫系统方面取得了相当大的进展，九头蛇是已知的最简单的多细胞动物之一。在完全没有保护性机械屏障和移动吞噬细胞的情况下。九头蛇在预防病原体感染方面装备精良。我们的研究结果揭示了高活性抗菌肽和复杂的遗传网络参与宿主和微生物群在后生动物进化初期的相互作用。这些观察结果支持了上皮细胞代表古代宿主防御系统的假设。与此一致的是，我们已经证明了九头蛇的上皮细胞在选择其微生物群方面起着积极的作用，并提出抗菌肽是宿主-细菌共同进化的关键因素。我们现在建议更详细地研究水螅的先天免疫反应，最终目标是：(i)了解水螅上皮与相关微生物群落的相互作用；（ii）表征糖杯是一种尚未被理解的微生物防御物理屏障；（iii）描述分泌腺细胞在防御反应中的作用；（四）抗真菌分子的鉴定。