BE/CNH: Disparate Scales of Process and Nearshore Fishery Management

BE/CNH：不同规模的加工和近岸渔业管理

• 批准号: 0308440
• 负责人: David Siegel
• 金额: $ 199.6万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0308440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Disparate; Scales; Process; Nearshore

Public confidence in management of nearshore fisheries is at an all time low. Along the U.S. West Coast, nearly all waters deeper than 20 fathoms (~36 m) are closed to all bottom fishing to protect several species of rockfish from local extinction. No-take marine reserves have been created around the northern Channel Islands as a means of protecting biodiversity and fish abundances. The well-documented decline of fisheries and ecological diversity of nearshore waters has engendered a "crisis-mode" philosophy for the management of nearshore fish resources. This interdisciplinary research project will examine the complexity of nearshore communities and the fisheries that depend upon them. Nearshore fisheries couple natural (ecological) and human (fishery management) processes in an emergent dynamic system that is rich in complexity. The project's goal is to develop a process-level description of nearshore fisheries and their management patterned after California coastal environments. The investigators will examine the emergent complexity that arises due to interactions among chaotic coastal circulations, fished organism life cycles, the productivity and suitability of nearshore habitats, the intensity and nature of fish harvesting, the economics governing fisheries, fishers and fishery regulations, and the bureaucratic system that implements regulations. The aim of these analyses is to assess the balance points among costs, profits, uncertainties, stock viability, and ecological values of nearshore fished environments. Central to developing a predictive understanding of the interactions between flow, fish and fishing is the notion of temporal and spatial scales. The physics, biology, and socioeconomic processes governing this coupled natural-human system operate on inherently different spatial and temporal scales. Without considering the mismatch in scales explicitly, mismanagement of fisheries is likely to continue unabated. Recent advances in modeling coastal ocean circulations, marine life cycle dynamics, the values of information to fishery management, and the consequences of management choices in the face of uncertainty have independently created the pieces necessary to assemble a synthetic approach to nearshore fisheries management. Moreover, large-scale programs monitoring the dynamics of coastal ecosystems are providing the empirical data necessary to parameterize and test these models. The investigators will link these components into new computational and conceptual models that examine optimal management choices in the face of unavoidable physical and biological uncertainty.The issues addressed and conceptual frameworks that will be studied will have broad, global impacts. Declines in fish stocks and yields are not restricted to any nation or geographical region. Indeed, the core problems from mismatches in spatial and temporal scales are characteristic of nearly all marine fisheries. In addition, although fisheries management commonly stops at political borders, ocean flows and fish do not. The ecological scales of coastal ecosystems are inherently international in scope. The international partnerships between this proposed effort and ongoing ecological programs in Mexico, Chile, New Zealand, and Australia will expand the regional focus of this effort to global dimensions. This project also will provide educational opportunities across a range of ages. This program will integrate opportunities for interdisciplinary education at elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate levels as well as through adult programs. This project is supported by an award resulting from the FY 2003 special competition in Biocomplexity in the Environment focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.

公众对近海渔业管理的信心处于历史最低点。 沿着美国西海岸，几乎所有深度超过20英寻（~36米）的沃茨都禁止所有底鱼捕捞，以保护几种岩鱼免于当地灭绝。 在北方海峡群岛周围建立了禁止捕捞的海洋保护区，作为保护生物多样性和鱼类丰度的一种手段。 近岸沃茨的渔业和生态多样性的下降有据可查，这产生了一种管理近岸鱼类资源的“危机模式”哲学。 这个跨学科的研究项目将研究近岸社区的复杂性和依赖于它们的渔业。 近岸渔业耦合自然（生态）和人类（渔业管理）的过程中出现的动态系统，是丰富的复杂性。 该项目的目标是开发一个过程级的描述近岸渔业及其管理模式后，加州沿海环境。 调查人员将研究由于混乱的沿海环流，捕捞生物生命周期，近岸栖息地的生产力和适宜性，鱼类捕捞的强度和性质，渔业，渔民和渔业法规的经济管理以及实施法规的官僚体系之间的相互作用而产生的紧急复杂性。 这些分析的目的是评估成本之间的平衡点，利润，不确定性，股票的生存能力，和近岸捕捞环境的生态价值。 对水流、鱼类和捕鱼之间的相互作用形成预测性理解的核心是时间和空间尺度的概念。 物理学、生物学和社会经济学过程控制着这一自然-人类耦合系统，它们在本质上不同的时空尺度上运作。 如果不明确考虑规模上的不匹配，渔业管理不善的情况可能会有增无减。 最近的进展，在沿海海洋环流建模，海洋生命周期动力学，渔业管理的信息的价值，以及在面对不确定性的管理选择的后果，独立创建的作品，组装一个综合的方法近岸渔业管理。 此外，监测沿海生态系统动态的大规模项目正在为参数化和测试这些模型提供必要的经验数据。 研究人员将把这些组成部分连接到新的计算和概念模型中，这些模型将研究在不可避免的物理和生物不确定性面前的最佳管理选择，所研究的问题和概念框架将产生广泛的全球影响。 鱼类种群和产量的下降并不局限于任何国家或地理区域。 事实上，空间和时间尺度不匹配的核心问题是几乎所有海洋渔业的特点。 此外，虽然渔业管理通常止于政治边界，但海洋流量和鱼类却不受政治边界的限制。 沿海生态系统的生态尺度在本质上是国际性的。 这一拟议的努力与墨西哥、智利、新西兰和澳大利亚正在进行的生态项目之间的国际伙伴关系将把这一努力的区域重点扩大到全球范围。 该项目还将为不同年龄段的人提供教育机会。 该计划将整合跨学科教育的机会，在小学，中学，本科和研究生水平，以及通过成人课程。 该项目得到了2003财政年度环境中生物复杂性特别竞赛的资助，该竞赛侧重于自然和人类系统耦合的动力学。