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DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Estimating the Somatic Mutation Rate of the Tree Delonix regia

论文研究：估计凤凰树的体细胞突变率

基本信息

批准号：
0309253
负责人：
Leonel Sternberg
金额：
$ 0.69万
依托单位：
University of Miami
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-06-15 至 2005-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0309253&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Estimating Somatic Mutation

项目摘要

Mutations in organisms may arise one of two ways: as either a meiotic mutation, which appears during the production of sperm and eggs, or as a somatic mutation, which appears during the duplication of DNA that occurs during normal cell division and growth. The typical rate of somatic mutation is essentially unknown, but appears to be many times less than the rate of meiotic mutation. In short-lived organisms with limited growth, the overall mutation rate is strongly influenced by the rate of meiotic mutation. In long-lived organisms such as trees, however, cells may divide millions of times during growth. Thus, the rate of mutation may be more strongly influenced by somatic mutation. This project will estimate the rate of somatic mutation in the large tropical tree Delonix regia. Flowers produced at the base and apex of large branches will be examined for differences in several measures of pollen fitness, and the number of cell divisions separating flowers will be estimated. These estimates will be used to determine the rate of somatic mutation per cell division and the average effect of each somatic mutation. Knowledge of mutation rates is of fundamental importance to many areas of biology. Somatic mutation in particular can have dramatic impact on human welfare (e.g., by giving rise to cancers), and the rate of somatic mutation rate measured here may be used by other scientists seeking to determine the general likelihood of their occurrence.

生物体中的突变可能以两种方式之一产生：要么是减数分裂突变，出现在精子和卵子的产生过程中，要么是体细胞突变，出现在正常细胞分裂和生长过程中DNA的复制过程中。体细胞突变率基本上是未知的，但似乎比减数分裂突变率低很多倍。在生长有限的短命生物中，总体突变率受到减数分裂突变率的强烈影响。然而，在像树木这样的长寿生物中，细胞在生长过程中可能会分裂数百万次。因此，突变率可能更强烈地受到体细胞突变的影响。本项目将估算热带大乔木龙葵的体细胞突变率。在大分枝的基部和顶部产生的花将被检查花粉适合度的几种测量方法的差异，并将估计分离花的细胞分裂的数量。这些估计值将用于确定每次细胞分裂的体细胞突变率和每个体细胞突变的平均影响。突变率的知识对生物学的许多领域都具有根本的重要性。体细胞突变尤其会对人类福利产生巨大影响（例如，引起癌症），这里测量的体细胞突变率可能会被其他科学家用来确定它们发生的一般可能性。