DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Impact of Ploidy, Heterozygosity, and the Environment on Mutational Effects in Yeast

论文研究：倍性、杂合性和环境对酵母突变效应的影响

• 批准号: 0309372
• 负责人: Mark Kirkpatrick
• 金额: $ 0.82万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0309372&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Impact; Ploidy; Heterozygosity

The research will investigate the effects of mutations in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The investigators will measure these effects when mutations occur as single copies (heterozygous) or in pairs (homozygous). A second phase of the research will compare how mutations affect survival and reproduction in the life phase where individuals have two copies of every chromosome (diploid) vs. when they have one (haploid). A third component of the project will estimate the rate at which new mutations that affect survival and reproduction enter the genome. New mutations are one of the primary factors that determine why organisms age, why breeding closely related individuals often yields offspring with reduced reproduction, and why many organisms reproduce sexually. Despite the importance of these topics for human health and genetics, estimates of mutation rates and the distribution of their effects have been very difficult to generate. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is an unparalleled system in which to estimate these parameters. In addition to improving our general understanding of the properties of mutations, these estimates will also be applicable to agriculture and conservation biology.

这项研究将调查酵母菌（Saccharomycescerevisiae）突变的影响。 当突变以单拷贝（杂合子）或成对（纯合子）形式发生时，研究者将测量这些效应。 研究的第二阶段将比较突变如何影响生命阶段的生存和繁殖，在生命阶段，个体的每条染色体（二倍体）有两个拷贝，而不是一个（单倍体）。 该项目的第三个组成部分将估计影响生存和繁殖的新突变进入基因组的速度。新的突变是决定生物体衰老的主要因素之一，为什么繁殖密切相关的个体往往会产生繁殖减少的后代，以及为什么许多生物体进行有性繁殖。 尽管这些主题对人类健康和遗传学很重要，但很难估计突变率及其影响的分布。 酵母，酿酒酵母，是一个无与伦比的系统，其中估计这些参数。 除了提高我们对突变性质的一般理解外，这些估计也将适用于农业和保护生物学。