Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Impact of the Miraflores El Niño Flood on the Chiribaya of Far Southern Peru

该项目的目标是研究被称为厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）的气候异常在沿海地区造成的沿海干旱和随后的洪水的影响。该项目重建了沿海考古遗址的文化和环境历史，然后将该遗址置于该地区更广泛的考古历史中。在这一地区，长期干旱和随后的灾难性洪水造成了沿海人口的遗弃和减少。迄今为止，对这一地区的研究主要集中在环境变化造成的社会崩溃。相比之下，这个项目承认与气候变化相关的挑战，同时也强调了人们在不可预测的景观中的聪明才智。考古学特别适合继续研究这一干旱和洪水事件，同时将其置于文化适应和变化的更广泛背景下。该项目提供了关于沿海人民在一个世纪内经历的当地环境数据。三百年的时间。此外，它增加了景观使用和再利用的考古知识，在一个地区与人类历史的延长期。该项目的重点是使一个国际研究小组的成员专业化并对其进行培训，该小组将进一步传播他们对这些专题的研究，该项目的重点是一个发生重大环境和文化变化的时期。虽然在其他地点也进行了研究，以了解沿海干旱和洪水的影响，但该项目是对这一区域史前时期的第一次区域规模分析。具体来说，这项研究解决了两个主要问题：沿海居民如何适应不可预测的气候条件？干旱和厄尔尼诺洪水对沿海地区的共同影响是什么？为了回答这些问题，研究团队结合使用了考古、地质和生物研究方法。研究人员带领一个由考古学家、地质考古学家和花粉学家（花粉分析师）组成的团队进行考古发掘、文物分析、沉积物取样和分析以及花粉取样和分析。这些跨学科的研究人员致力于环境和人类力量的融合，以了解农业和灌溉适应，使人们能够在这些气候灾害后恢复活力。该团队将开发一个当地的环境变化记录，供其他在多个干旱环境中进行气候变化研究的人使用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The goal of this project is to study the impact of a coastal drought and a subsequent flood caused by the climatic anomaly known as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) in a coastal region. This project reconstructs both the cultural and environmental history at a coastal archaeological site and then place the site within the broader archaeological history of the region. In this region a prolonged drought followed by catastrophic flooding caused the abandonment and reduction of coastal populations. To date, research on this region has focused on societal collapse due to environmental change. In contrast, this project acknowledges the challenges associated with climatic changes, while also emphasizing the ingenuity of people in unpredictable landscapes. Archaeology is particularly well placed to continue research on this drought and flood event, while putting it within the broader context of cultural adaptation and change. The project provides localized environmental data on what coastal peoples experienced over a ca. 300 year period. Additionally, it adds to the archaeological knowledge of landscape use and reuse in an area with an extended period of human history. The project focuses on professionalization and training of members of an international research team that will further disseminate their research on these topics.This project focuses on a period of major environmental and cultural changes. Though research has been done at other sites to understand the impact of the coastal drought and flood, this project is the first regional scale analysis of this period of regional prehistory. Specifically, the research addresses two main questions: How did coastal peoples adapt to unpredictable climate conditions? And what was the collective impact of the drought and El Niño floods on the coast? To answer these questions the research team uses a combination of archaeological, geological, and biological research methods. The researcher leads a team of archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, and palynologists (pollen analysts) to conduct archaeological excavations, artifact analysis, sediment sampling and analysis, and pollen sampling and analysis. These interdisciplinary researchers address the convergence of environmental and human forces to understand agricultural and irrigational adaptations that allowed people to be resilient following these climate disasters. This team will develop a local record of environmental change that will be accessible to others conducting climate change research in multiple arid environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.