SGER: Analysis, Evaluation, and Process Studies of the Community Atmospheric Model Simulations

这项研究旨在促进气候模拟的两个重要领域的知识。第一个涉及未来预估气候信息的降尺度，第二个涉及中尺度和云尺度模拟，以改进CCSM CAM（社区气候系统模式（CCSM）大气模式）中的云和辐射参数化。1)目前，气候预估是利用大气和海洋环流耦合模式（GCMs）完成的，该模式产生约200公里水平空间尺度上的未来气候信息。然而，为了评估未来气候对环境和社会系统的潜在影响，需要更小区域尺度的信息，即大约比gcm小1到2个数量级的信息。本研究探讨了统计动力学方法将全球环流模式（GCM）的结果降尺度到区域尺度。NCAR的CCSM和PCM（平行气候模式）将提供全球过程尺度的模拟。研究将集中在北美地区，并将缩小后的信息与该地区的现有观测结果进行比较。2)与威斯康星大学合作研究威斯康星云解析模型（CRM）和CCSM CAM的参数化控制机制的细节。这项工作将包括对CRM结果的检查，包括详细的能量、质量和云微物理预算。将使用简化版本的CCSM；复制CAM-2物理的单柱模型，和/或CAM-2与平板海洋模型耦合。这项研究很重要，因为如果成功，它将使气候变率和变化的预测更加可信，这是评估气候变率和变化在区域空间尺度上的影响的必要条件。此外，CCSM是一个被100多位科学家使用的模型，它的改进将使整个气候研究界受益。

This research seeks to advance knowledge in two important areas of climate modeling. The first involves downscaling of future projected climate information and the second involves meso and cloud scale modeling to improve the cloud and radiation parameterizations in the CCSM CAM (Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Atmospheric Model).1) Currently, climate projections are accomplished using coupled atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models (GCMs), which produce future climate information on horizontal spatial scales of about 200 km. However, in order to assess the potential impacts of future climates on the environment and on social systems, information is required on much smaller regional scales, i.e., roughly 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller that those of the GCMs. The study examines statistical-dynamical methods to downscale general (global) circulation model (GCM) results to regional scales. The NCAR CCSM and PCM (Parallel Climate Model) will provide the global, course scale, simulations. The research will focus on the North American region and downscaled information will be compared to available observations for this region.2) Collaborative research with the University of Wisconsin will be conducted to examine the details of the mechanisms that control the simulations of clouds in the Wisconsin Cloud Resolving Model (CRM) and the parameterizations in the CCSM CAM. The work will include an examination of the CRM results, including the detailed energy, mass and cloud microphysics budgets. Simplified versions of CCSM will be used; the single column model that replicates the CAM-2 physics, and/or the CAM-2 coupled to a slab ocean model. This research is important because, if successful, it will enable more credible projections of climate variability and change, which is a requirement for assessing the impacts of climate variability and change on regional spatial scales. Moreover, the CCSM is a model used by over 100 scientists and its improvement will benefit the climate research community at-large.