RUI: Acquisition of Geophysical Survey Instruments for Archaeological Research and Training

RUI：为考古研究和培训采购地球物理测量仪器

• 批准号: 0319877
• 负责人: Robert McCullough
• 金额: $ 9.3万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2005-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0319877&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Acquisition; Geophysical; Survey; Instruments

With support from the National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation award, Dr. Robert G. McCullough and Andrew A. White of the Indiana University-Purdue University Archaeological Survey (IPFW-AS) will purchase three major pieces of geophysical remote sensing equipment for use in archaeological research and training: a ground penetrating radar (GPR) unit, a gradiometer, and a resistivity meter. These instruments are used to collect data about near-surface archaeological deposits in an efficient and non-invasive manner. GPR uses radio waves to actively probe the earth to depths up to several meters. A gradiometer detects fluctuations in the earth's natural magnetic field caused by the presence of cultural materials such as fired clay or rock that has been heated. A resistivity meter measures how well sediment conducts an electrical current between two points on the surface. All of these instruments have their advantages and shortcomings. They are often most effective when used in combination.Aboriginal house structures, earthen embankments and mounds, ditches, hearths, storage pits, and food processing facilities that are preserved beneath the ground surface are often detectable and identifiable using one or more of these instruments. Information about community layout (e.g., the number and placement of domestic structures, defensive structures and their openings, and communal areas) is essential to the interpretation of large, complex village sites. Detailed information about the locations of such features on a large (site-level) scale is nearly impossible to carefully, cost-effectively collect using traditional excavation and survey techniques alone.In addition to their application in pure research, the state-of-the-art instruments requested by the IPFW-AS will be used as a vehicle to integrate the professional and student archaeological communities at IPFW. The incorporation of the equipment into ongoing archaeological research projects and the existing educational program will enhance infrastructure in both these areas and assist in encouraging a culture of student exploration and research. Collection, use, and analysis of geophysical instruments and data will be taught in the context of both field and laboratory classes. Unlike more traditional archaeological research, the collection of geophysical data does not entail the irreversible alteration of archaeological resources and the attendant permit, laboratory, and curation requirements. Thus geophysical data are ideally suited to use in student research projects. Involvement of undergraduate students in an ongoing atmosphere of exploration and innovation will benefit the scholarly development of the students as well as the research itself.Acquisition of these instruments by the IPFW-AS will have a significant impact on the capacity of both undergraduate student and professional researchers at IPFW to perform sophisticated archaeological research. By integrating training in geophysical methods into laboratory and field courses, as well as encouraging its use in the context of supervised undergraduate research projects, students will be motivated to develop and pursue their own research. Further, acquisition of the requested equipment will increase our research capacity for years to come, thus increasing opportunities for beneficial interactions among researchers, students, and the public. In the context of ongoing research projects, the IPFW-AS has been building strong relationships with the interested public as well as state and local government agencies to develop an archaeological research park, interpretive center, and curation facility in central Indiana. Acquisition of these geophysical survey instruments will allow the IPFW-AS's programs to continue to expand and to involve an ever-broadening audience in an active, sophisticated, and successful program of archaeological research and education.

在美国国家科学基金会重大研究仪器奖的支持下，罗伯特·G。作者声明：Andrew A.印第安纳州-普渡大学考古调查局（IPFW-AS）的白色将购买三件主要的地球物理遥感设备用于考古研究和培训：探地雷达（GPR）装置、梯度计和电阻率计。 这些仪器用于以有效和非侵入性的方式收集近地表考古沉积物的数据。 探地雷达使用无线电波主动探测地球，深度可达数米。 梯度仪检测地球自然磁场的波动，这种波动是由文化材料（如烧制的粘土或加热过的岩石）的存在引起的。 电阻率计测量沉积物在表面两点之间传导电流的程度。 所有这些手段都有其优点和缺点。 这些方法结合使用时往往最有效，土著人的房屋结构、土制器具和土丘、沟渠、炉床、储藏坑和保存在地表下的食品加工设施，往往可以用这些方法中的一种或多种来检测和识别。 关于社区布局的信息（例如，家庭建筑、防御建筑及其开口和公共区域的数量和位置）对于解释大型复杂的村庄遗址至关重要。 关于这些特征的位置的详细信息在一个大的（网站级）规模几乎是不可能的，仔细，成本效益收集使用传统的挖掘和调查技术单独。除了他们在纯研究中的应用，国家的最先进的仪器由IPFW-AS要求将被用作一种工具，以整合专业和学生的考古社区在IPFW。 将设备纳入正在进行的考古研究项目和现有的教育计划将加强这两个领域的基础设施，并有助于鼓励学生探索和研究的文化。 地球物理仪器和数据的收集，使用和分析将在现场和实验室课程的背景下教授。 与更传统的考古研究不同，地球物理数据的收集不需要对考古资源进行不可逆转的改变，以及随之而来的许可证，实验室和管理要求。 因此，地球物理数据非常适合用于学生的研究项目。 本科生参与的探索和创新的持续氛围将有利于学生的学术发展，以及研究本身。这些仪器的IPFW-AS的收购将对IPFW的本科生和专业研究人员进行复杂的考古研究的能力产生重大影响。 通过将地球物理方法的培训融入实验室和现场课程，以及鼓励其在受监督的本科研究项目中的使用，学生将有动力发展和追求自己的研究。 此外，获得所需的设备将增加我们的研究能力，在未来几年，从而增加了研究人员，学生和公众之间的有益互动的机会。 在正在进行的研究项目的背景下，IPFW-AS一直在与感兴趣的公众以及州和地方政府机构建立牢固的关系，以在印第安纳州中部开发考古研究公园，解释中心和策展设施。这些地球物理调查仪器的收购将使IPFW-AS的方案继续扩大，并涉及不断扩大的观众在一个积极的，复杂的，成功的考古研究和教育计划。