Cytogenetic Map of Maize

玉米是美国的一种主要作物，也是一种经典的遗传系统，特别适合细胞遗传学。它的基因组被分成10条染色体，基因位置可以用三种根本不同的方法之一来绘制-遗传图谱的性状连锁分析，物理图谱的DNA序列确定，以及细胞遗传学图谱的微观可视化。事实证明，在果蝇和人类中整合这三种类型的图谱可以加快基因研究。制作一组类似的玉米综合图谱将增进对世界上最重要的谷类作物之一的遗传物质的了解。该项目利用了细胞遗传学的最新进展和来自其他NSF植物基因组研究计划项目的新的植物基因组资源。其目标是制作整个玉米基因组的细胞遗传学图谱。本项目将采用的快速和经济高效的方法是使用高粱DNA片段(玉米标记选择的高粱BAC克隆)作为探针，通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)对玉米染色体上的相应区域进行染色。结果将与其他基因组图谱整合，并立即发布到GenBank和MaizeGDB供公众访问。该项目将通过协助物理图谱组装、建立新的染色体研究试剂以及深入了解玉米及其相关牧草的进化来推进下游研究。该项目的成果将是开发FISH图谱工具，并在玉米基因组的细胞遗传学图谱上放置500个座位。当地的一个推广项目，玉米10号迷宫项目，将使用新的细胞遗传学图谱来指导生产玉米基因组的田间复制，在该基因组中，单个行代表单个染色体。这次玉米基因组的自助公众之旅将提高公众对植物基因组研究如何造福社会的认识，将基因组研究与公众感兴趣的问题联系起来，如粮食生产、植物生物学、可再生能源和遗传多样性。

Maize is a major crop in the U.S. and a classical genetic system, particularly well suited for cytogenetics. Its genome is divided among 10 chromosomes, and gene locations can be charted in one of three fundamentally different ways-analysis of trait linkage for a genetic map, DNA sequence determination for a physical map, and microscopic visualization for a cytogenetic map. Integration of the three map types in fruit flies and humans has proven to accelerate genetic research. The production of a similar trio of integrated maps for maize would advance understanding of the genetic material of one of the world's most important cereal crops.This project takes advantage of recent advances in cytogenetics and new plant genomic resources from other NSF Plant Genome Research Program projects. The goal is to produce a cytogenetic map of the entire maize genome. The rapid and cost-efficient method this project will employ is to use segments of sorghum DNA (maize-marker-selected sorghum BAC clones) as probes to stain the corresponding regions on maize chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results will be integrated with other genome maps and released immediately into GenBank and MaizeGDB for public access. The project will advance downstream research by aiding in physical map assembly, establishing new reagents for chromosome research, and providing insights into the evolution of maize and related grasses.The deliverables for this project will be the development of FISH mapping tools and the placing of 500 loci on the cytogenetic map of the maize genome. A local outreach project, the Maize 10 Maze project, will use the new cytogenetic map to guide the production of a field replicate of the maize genome in which individual rows represent single chromosomes. This self-guided public tour of the maize genome will raise public awareness of how plant genome research can benefit society, relating genome research to issues of public interest such as food production, plant biology, renewable energy, and genetic diversity.