Chromatin Structure and Genome Response in Maize

玉米的染色质结构和基因组响应

• 批准号: 1025954
• 负责人: Henry Bass
• 金额: $ 145.31万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1025954&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chromatin; Structure; Genome; Response; Maize

Chromatin Structure and Genome Response in Maize.PI: Henry W. Bass (Florida State University)Co-PI(s): Jonathan H. Dennis (Florida State University), Karen M. McGinnis (Florida State University) and Oghenekome U. Onokpise (Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University) Understanding how genomes are organized functionally is a major challenge in biology. Structurally, the genomes of eukaryotes, such as plants, animals or fungi, are organized into chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and associated proteins. The basic subunit of chromatin is the nucleosome, comprising ~150 base pairs of DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins. It is known that nucleosome positions in the genome vary with changes in gene expression levels. However, the specific relationship between genome structure and gene expression has not been clearly defined. The overall goal of this project is to characterize the chromatin structure of the maize genome in relation to function, specifically with respect to nucleosome occupancy and gene expression. The research uses computational, biochemical, genetic, and microscopic methods to accomplish three specific objectives: (1)DNA microarrays will be developed for genome-wide studies of chromatin structure. In the process new predictive tools will be adapted to the maize genome from technology developed for study of the human genome, (2) genome changes will be investigated in a mutant called mop1, which is thought to regulate chromatin structure through small RNAs and by silencing potentially deleterious genome changes; and (3) chromatin structure of normal plants and mop1 mutants will be visualized using 3D molecular cytology. The project will deliver plots that map sites of nucleosome occupancy in the maize genome and new tools for investigation of chromatin structure. In addition, custom microarrays will be available for use by the broader plant genomics community. All data will be released to GenBank and will be available on the project website (www.maizenucleosome.org) and on public databases including www.maizegdb.org, www.gramene.org, and www.maizesequence.org. Direct involvement of diverse students in field and laboratory activities will provide training opportunities and exposure to plant genetics and genomic research. The project will continue a unique outreach activity for the public through a Maize-10-Maze chromosome-map field: each of the ten maize chromosomes is displayed as a single row to scale and with mutants in appropriate map positions. This life-size view of the maize chromosomes provides a tangible understanding of genome organization and engages participants in discussion about the importance of genomics research to meet societal challenges.

玉米染色质结构与基因组反应。PI：亨利W。巴斯（佛罗里达州立大学）共同PI：乔纳森H。丹尼斯（佛罗里达州立大学），卡伦M。麦金尼斯（佛罗里达州立大学）和奥格内科梅大学。Onokpise（佛罗里达农业和机械大学）了解基因组如何在功能上组织是生物学的一个重大挑战。 从结构上讲，真核生物（如植物、动物或真菌）的基因组被组织成染色质，染色质是DNA和相关蛋白质的复合物。 染色质的基本亚基是核小体，由约150个碱基对的DNA包裹在8个组蛋白周围。已知核小体在基因组中的位置随着基因表达水平的变化而变化。 然而，基因组结构和基因表达之间的具体关系尚未明确定义。该项目的总体目标是表征玉米基因组的染色质结构与功能的关系，特别是与核小体占据和基因表达有关。该研究使用计算、生物化学、遗传学和显微镜方法来实现三个具体目标：（1）DNA微阵列将用于染色质结构的全基因组研究。 在这个过程中，新的预测工具将适用于玉米基因组，来自为研究人类基因组而开发的技术，（2）将在称为mop 1的突变体中研究基因组变化，该突变体被认为通过小RNA和沉默潜在有害的基因组变化来调节染色质结构;（3）将使用3D分子细胞学可视化正常植物和mop 1突变体的染色质结构。 该项目将提供玉米基因组中核小体占据位点的绘图和研究染色质结构的新工具。此外，定制微阵列将可供更广泛的植物基因组学社区使用。所有数据将发布到基因库，并将在项目网站（www.maizenucleosome.org）和公共数据库，包括www.maizegdb.org，www.gramene.org和www.maizesequence.org上提供。 该项目将继续通过玉米-10-迷宫染色体图谱领域为公众开展一项独特的推广活动：10条玉米染色体中的每一条都按比例显示为单行，突变体位于适当的图谱位置。这种玉米染色体的实物大小视图提供了对基因组组织的切实了解，并使参与者参与讨论基因组学研究对应对社会挑战的重要性。