Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Human Ecosystems: Stoichiometry, Hydrology, Connectiveness, and Culture

人类生态系统中的耦合生物地球化学循环：化学计量、水文学、连通性和文化

• 批准号: 0322065
• 负责人: Lawrence Baker
• 金额: $ 35.53万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0322065&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coupled; Biogeochemical; Cycles; Human; Ecosystems

Brezonik0322065This proposal seeks to expand our understanding of biogeochemical cycles in human ecosystems. Our main question is: how do humans in cities and on farms alter biogeochemical cycles? We will address this question using a fourfold concept of coupling: (i) between hydrology and element cycling, (ii) among elements (stoichiometry), (iii) across spatial scales (from households to regions), and (iv) between human behavior and element cycling. Element cycles are controlled by spatial connections at three key scales. Elements move between households (which are key components of urban landscapes) and their surroundings, within and between watersheds (i.e., hierarchically from small upstream (low-order) watersheds downstream to larger, higher-order ones), and between major ecosystem types (e.g., from farm to city). Some of this movement is deliberately controlled (e.g., food import to cities), but a large portion is not (e.g., movement of NOx from autos and landscapes to the atmosphere. Moreover, there are "hotspots" within landscapes where disproportionate nutrient inputs, transformations, and losses occur. The complexity of human-dominated ecosystems is one reason why our understanding of their biogeochemical cycles has lagged behind that of natural systems. Nevertheless, for two reasons, now is the time to confront this complexity and develop this understanding. First, we must, as a matter of survival. Second, we can; our ability to acquire, store, and use data has reached the point that we can expect to unravel this complexity to a useful degree and develop new management paradigms.

Brezonik0322065这项提案旨在扩大我们对人类生态系统中生物地球化学周期的理解。我们的主要问题是：城市和农场中的人如何改变生物地球化学周期？我们将使用一个四倍的耦合概念来解决这个问题：（i）在水文和元素循环之间，（ii）在空间尺度（从家庭到区域）和（iv）在人类行为和元素循环之间的元素（石化计量学）（iii）之间（iii）（iii）。元素周期由三个关键尺度的空间连接控制。元素在家庭（是城市景观的关键组成部分）之间移动的元素及其周围环境，在流域内和之间（即，从下游的小型上游（低序）分水岭下游到更大的高级阶层）以及主要的生态系统（例如，从农场到城市）之间的元素移动。这种运动中的某些运动是故意控制的（例如，进口到城市的食物），但没有（例如，NOx从汽车和景观到大气的运动。落后于自然系统，目前有两个原因，首先要面对这种复杂性并发展出来。