Into the Deep: Temperature effects on coupled biogeochemical cycles in deep soil profiles of a wet tropical forest

深入深处：温度对潮湿热带森林深层土壤剖面耦合生物地球化学循环的影响

• 批准号: 1754713
• 负责人: Tana Wood
• 金额: $ 36.46万
• 依托单位: Ciudadanos del Karso Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-15 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754713&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Into; Deep; Temperature; effects; coupled

Tropical forests are an important part of the planet's biosphere. Although they only cover about 15 % of the planet's surface, tropical forests contain two-thirds of live plant biomass and nearly one-third of all soil carbon. Also, these forests exchange more carbon dioxide with the atmosphere than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Changes in carbon cycling in tropical forests, therefore, could substantially alter global atmospheric carbon and, in turn, our planet's future climate. Tropical forests also have very deep soils, yet little is known about carbon cycling of these deeper soils. Temperatures in tropical forests are expected to increase significantly in the next 20 years. Little is known about how tropical forest soil carbon cycling will respond to temperature changes, especially in deeper soils. This research will use a unique soil warming experiment to test hypotheses about how tropical forest soils might respond to future changes. The scientists involved will also use this research to communicate to public audiences the importance of tropical forests for the global environment.The primary goal of this research is to assess relationships between temperature and biogeochemical cycling in deep soils of a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico. This work takes advantage of the first in situ warming experiment in a tropical forest. Three primary goals of this work are to investigate the mechanisms by which temperature and depth interact in tropical soil to regulate: (1) carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling; (2) soil oxygen availability; and (3) root lifespan, respiration, and depth distribution. This work will provide information critical to improving our ability to predict tropical forest responses to warming and the potential for these responses to feed back onto future climate. Three 12 m2 circular plots will be warmed + 2 to 4 degrees C relative to three control plots, up to 50 centimeters in depth. Each plot will be instrumented throughout the depth profile for soil temperature, moisture, oxygen, soluble carbon, nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, and root dynamics. The variation in carbon and nutrient availability along the depth profile will be used to test hypotheses about substrate limitation of microbial and root responses to temperature. The soil and root measurements will further illuminate potential controlling mechanisms on deep soil responses to increased temperature. Ultimately, this deep-warming experiment will significantly advance understanding of processes and organisms below the rooting zone, an exciting biogeochemical frontier.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带森林是地球生物圈的重要组成部分。虽然热带森林只覆盖了地球表面的15%，但它含有三分之二的活植物生物量和近三分之一的土壤碳。此外，这些森林与大气交换的二氧化碳比任何其他陆地生态系统都多。因此，热带森林中碳循环的变化可能会大大改变全球大气中的碳，进而改变我们星球未来的气候。热带森林也有很深的土壤，但对这些深层土壤的碳循环知之甚少。预计未来20年热带森林的气温将显著上升。关于热带森林土壤碳循环将如何对温度变化做出反应，特别是在深层土壤中，人们知之甚少。这项研究将使用一个独特的土壤变暖实验来测试关于热带森林土壤如何应对未来变化的假设。参与这项研究的科学家还将利用这项研究向公众宣传热带森林对全球环境的重要性。这项研究的主要目标是评估波多黎各潮湿热带森林深层土壤中温度和地球化学循环之间的关系。这项工作利用了第一个在热带森林中进行的原位变暖实验。这项工作的三个主要目标是研究热带土壤中温度和深度相互作用的机制，以调节：（1）碳，氮，磷循环;（2）土壤氧的有效性;（3）根寿命，呼吸和深度分布。这项工作将提供关键信息，以提高我们预测热带森林对变暖的反应以及这些反应反馈到未来气候的潜力的能力。三个12 m2的圆形地块将相对于三个对照地块升温+2至4 ℃，深度达50 cm。每个地块都将在土壤温度、水分、氧气、可溶性碳、养分、温室气体排放和根系动态的整个深度剖面上进行仪器测量。碳和养分有效性的变化沿着的深度剖面将被用来测试的微生物和根对温度的反应的基板限制的假设。土壤和根系的测量将进一步阐明深层土壤对温度升高的反应的潜在控制机制。最终，这项深度变暖实验将大大推进对生根区以下的过程和生物体的理解，这是一个令人兴奋的地球化学前沿。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Warming increases activity in the common tropical frog Eleutherodactylus coqui

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100041
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Climate Change Ecology
• 作者: T. Matlaga;P. Burrowes;R. Hernández-Pacheco;J. Pena;C. Sutherland;T. Wood

Only sun-lit leaves of the uppermost canopy exceed both air temperature and photosynthetic thermal optima in a wet tropical forest

• DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108347
• 发表时间: 2021-02-06
• 期刊: AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Miller, Benjamin D.;Carter, Kelsey R.;Cavaleri, Molly A.
• 通讯作者: Cavaleri, Molly A.

Understory plant communities show resistance to drought, hurricanes, and experimental warming in a wet tropical forest

• DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.733967
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 作者: A. M. Alonso-Rodríguez;T. Wood;Jamarys Torres‐Díaz;M. Cavaleri;S. Reed;B. Bachelot

Photosynthetic and Respiratory Acclimation of Understory Shrubs in Response to in situ Experimental Warming of a Wet Tropical Forest

• DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2020.576320
• 发表时间: 2020-09-30
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Carter, Kelsey R.;Wood, Tana E.;Cavaleri, Molly A.
• 通讯作者: Cavaleri, Molly A.

Experimental warming across a tropical forest canopy height gradient reveals minimal photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation

• DOI: 10.1111/pce.14134
• 发表时间: 2021-07-06
• 期刊: PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 7.3
• 作者: Carter, Kelsey R.;Wood, Tana E.;Cavaleri, Molly A.
• 通讯作者: Cavaleri, Molly A.