Dissertation Research: Defining the Role of Conservation Technology for Bycatch Reduction of Marine Protected Species

论文研究：定义保护技术在减少海洋保护物种兼捕方面的作用

• 批准号: 0322327
• 负责人: Michael Orbach
• 金额: $ 0.97万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-15 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0322327&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Defining; Role; Conservation

Annually, 18 to 40 million tons of fish, some 20% of the world's total marine harvest, are discarded as bycatch (i.e. as defined under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in addition to those non-target organisms injured as a result of fishing activity or when applicable, taken. as defined under the Endangered Species Act or the Marine Mammal Protection Act) (Pascoe 1997). Conservation technology (i.e. a management method that uses item(s) and technique(s), one or more of which have been engineered by mankind, for the purpose of protecting organisms and/or ecological systems) is becoming a common management tool. However, like other technologies it can be misapplied. This Social Dimensions of Engineering, Science, and Technology Program Dissertation Improvement Grant is motivated by the question: What are the key factors in the processes of invention, diffusion, and implementation that contribute to the effective use of marine conservation technology? Answering this question is critical for helping researchers guide their pursuit of technological solutions and for assisting policy-makers in identifying the most effective and lasting resolution of bycatch issues. This project has two main objectives: 1) Compose a general overview of and commentary on the development and use of conservation technology in marine fishery systems of the United States and 2) Identify key features of the invention, diffusion, and implementation processes of each case study that contribute to the likelihood of a conservation technology being widely adopted and effectively utilized. The co-principal investigator will review relevant literature and government records and construct a history of the development and implementation of marine conservation technology in the United States. She will examine two case studies using methodological triangulation of examining prototypes of the inventions; analyzing research notebooks, reports, and other literature; and interviewing inventors and other key informants important to the development and implementation of conservation technology. One case study will be the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) to reduce the death of sea turtles in shrimp trawls in the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Shrimp fisheries. The other case study will be the use of various conservation technologies, such as the Medina panel, to reduce the death of dolphins by the U.S. tuna purse seine fishery in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Using historical and key word analysis, the co-PI will identify key factors for successfully designing, implementing, and diffusing conservation technology. This proposed research will characterize the invention process for conservation technology. The co-PI will examine the roles and relationships between actors in each of the invention networks and determine from whom design input was accepted and who had decision-making authority. She will describe the nature of collaborations and identify what factors were influential to the formation and effectiveness of collaborations. In addition, she will detail the interaction between various search spaces. Thus, this research will enrich the existing invention theories as well as offer a practical invention theory for conservation technologies. The co-PI anticipates publishing the results of this dissertation research in both peer-reviewed and popular literature. In addition, she intends to disseminate the results with presentations at national conferences and institutional seminar series, which are open to and attended by the general public. This research will also be integrated with education via the co-PI.s involvement as a NSF Graduate Teaching Fellow in K-12 Education (NSF 332-0042). As a Fellow, she will partner with a public school teacher to educate children in coastal communities about bycatch, conservation technology, and state and national conservation policy-making processes.

每年有1 800万至4 000万吨鱼，约占世界海洋总收获量的20%，作为副渔获物（即《马格努森-史蒂文斯渔业养护和管理法》所界定的副渔获物）被丢弃，此外还有因捕捞活动而受伤的非目标生物或在适用情况下被捕捞的非目标生物。根据《濒危物种法》或《海洋哺乳动物保护法》（Pascoe，1997年）的定义。 养护技术（即为保护生物体和/或生态系统而使用人类设计的一种或多种物品和技术的管理方法）正在成为一种常见的管理工具。然而，像其他技术一样，它也可能被滥用。 工程，科学和技术计划论文改进补助金的社会层面是由以下问题激发的：在发明，传播和实施过程中，有助于有效利用海洋保护技术的关键因素是什么？ 探讨这一问题对于帮助研究人员指导他们寻求技术解决办法和协助决策者确定最有效和最持久的解决兼捕问题的办法至关重要。该项目有两个主要目标：1）对美国海洋渔业系统中养护技术的发展和使用进行概述和评论; 2）确定每个案例研究的发明、传播和实施过程的关键特征，这些特征有助于养护技术被广泛采用和有效利用。共同首席研究员将审查相关文献和政府记录，并构建美国海洋保护技术发展和实施的历史。她将研究两个案例研究，使用方法学三角研究的发明原型;分析研究笔记本，报告和其他文献;和采访发明家和其他重要的保护技术的发展和实施的关键线人。一个案例研究将是在美国大西洋和墨西哥湾捕虾业使用海龟排除装置减少海龟在虾拖网中的死亡。 另一个案例研究将是使用各种保护技术，如麦地那小组，以减少美国在热带太平洋东部金枪鱼围网渔业对海豚的死亡。 使用历史和关键词分析，合作PI将确定成功设计，实施和传播保护技术的关键因素。 这项拟议的研究将表征保护技术的发明过程。共同主要研究者将检查每个发明网络中参与者之间的角色和关系，并确定接受谁的设计输入以及谁有决策权。她将描述合作的性质，并确定哪些因素对合作的形成和有效性有影响。此外，她还将详细介绍各种搜索空间之间的互动。因此，本研究将丰富现有的发明理论，并为保护技术提供实用的发明理论。联合PI预计将在同行评审和流行文献中发表本论文研究的结果。 此外，她还打算在向公众开放并由公众参加的全国会议和机构研讨会系列上发表演讲，传播这些成果。 这项研究也将通过co-PI与教育相结合。作为K-12教育的NSF研究生教学研究员（NSF 332-0042）参与。 作为一名研究员，她将与一名公立学校教师合作，教育沿海社区的儿童了解兼捕、保护技术以及州和国家的保护政策制定过程。