FEMA's USAR Task Force Deployments: Implications for The Management of Emergency Response

联邦应急管理局的USAR特遣部队部署：对应急响应管理的影响由联邦应急管理局赞助的城市搜索和救援特遣部队(USAR)是联邦紧急响应系统的关键组成部分。这项研究考察了这些特遣部队在多大程度上受到搜索和救援(SAR)行动中已知问题的影响，以及他们针对这些问题制定的解决方案，以及B.他们与执法机构的互动，这已成为当今搜救行动的一个关键因素。具体地说，研究分析了联邦应急管理局USAR特别工作组和支持人员、国防部支持人员、地方机构和州应急管理办公室、在重大部署期间在场的其他州和地区机构、执法机构(联邦调查局、地方和州警察)以及志愿者之间的关系。它还研究了在USAR部署期间紧急医疗系统(EMS)的运作，特别是伤员的安全和路线以及将他们送往医疗设施的问题。这项研究确定了这些社会行为者之间的合作和冲突领域，以及特区行动的变化及其对组织文化、信息、培训和目标的影响。它还对在USAR部署期间出现的集体行为者的类型进行了全面的描述。来自10个USAR特别工作组的焦点小组以及对参与USAR 9个国家部署地点的其他机构和团体的代表进行了约100次深度访谈，以制定一份有用的蓝图，供地方、州和联邦机构以及私营组织在参与SAR行动期间遵循。其目的是提高灾害应对的有效性，并促进社会科学对紧急多组织搜救系统作为一种有组织的、适应性的危机应对活动的理解。

FEMA's USAR Task Force Deployments: Implications for The Management ofEmergency ResponseThe Urban Search and Rescue taskforces (USAR) sponsored by FEMA are akey component of the federal emergency response system. This studyexamines the a. extent to which these taskforces are impacted by knownproblems at search and rescue (SAR) operations, as well as the solutionsthey have developed to these problems, and b. their interaction with lawenforcement agencies, in what has become a critical factor in theconduct of present day SAR operations. Specifically, the researchanalyzes the relationships among FEMA USAR taskforces and supportpersonnel, DoD support personnel, local agencies and state emergencymanagement offices, other state and regional agencies present duringmajor deployments, law enforcement agencies (FBI, local and statepolice), and volunteers. It also looks at the operation of the emergencymedical system (EMS) during USAR deployments, particularly the securingand routing of injured persons and their transportation to medicalfacilities. The study identifies areas of cooperation and conflictamong these social actors, and changes in SAR operations and theirimpact on organizational culture, information, training, and purpose. It also develops an inclusive description of the types of collectiveactors that are present during USAR deployments.Focus groups from ten USAR taskforces and approximately 100 in-depthinterviews with representatives from other agencies and groups thatparticipated in nine USAR national deployment sites are done to developa useful blueprint for local, state, and federal agencies and privateorganizations to follow during participation in SAR operations. Theintent is to improve the effectiveness of disaster responses andcontribute to the social science understanding of the emergentmulti-organizational SAR system as a form of organized, adaptive crisisresponse activity.