FEMA's USAR Task Force Deployments: Implications for The Management of Emergency Response

FEMA的USAR任务组部署：对应急响应管理的影响由FEMA赞助的城市搜索和救援任务组（USAR）是联邦应急响应系统的关键组成部分。本研究考察了a.这些工作组在多大程度上受到搜救（SAR）行动中已知问题的影响，以及他们针对这些问题开发的解决方案，以及b.他们与执法机构的互动，这已成为当今SAR行动的关键因素。具体而言，该研究分析了联邦应急管理局USAR工作组和支持人员、国防部支持人员、地方机构和州应急管理办公室、主要部署期间在场的其他州和地区机构、执法机构（联邦调查局、地方和州警察）以及志愿者之间的关系。它还着眼于在USAR部署期间紧急医疗系统（EMS）的运行，特别是伤员的安全和路线以及他们到医疗设施的运输。该研究确定了这些社会行动者之间的合作和冲突领域，以及搜救行动的变化及其对组织文化、信息、培训和目的的影响。它还对USAR部署期间出现的集体参与者的类型进行了全面的描述。来自10个USAR工作组的焦点小组和参与9个USAR国家部署地点的其他机构和团体的代表进行了大约100次深入访谈，以制定有用的蓝图，供地方，州和联邦机构和私人组织在参与搜救行动期间遵循。目的是提高灾害响应的有效性，并有助于社会科学理解紧急多组织SAR系统作为一种有组织的、适应性的危机响应活动形式。

FEMA's USAR Task Force Deployments: Implications for The Management ofEmergency ResponseThe Urban Search and Rescue taskforces (USAR) sponsored by FEMA are akey component of the federal emergency response system. This studyexamines the a. extent to which these taskforces are impacted by knownproblems at search and rescue (SAR) operations, as well as the solutionsthey have developed to these problems, and b. their interaction with lawenforcement agencies, in what has become a critical factor in theconduct of present day SAR operations. Specifically, the researchanalyzes the relationships among FEMA USAR taskforces and supportpersonnel, DoD support personnel, local agencies and state emergencymanagement offices, other state and regional agencies present duringmajor deployments, law enforcement agencies (FBI, local and statepolice), and volunteers. It also looks at the operation of the emergencymedical system (EMS) during USAR deployments, particularly the securingand routing of injured persons and their transportation to medicalfacilities. The study identifies areas of cooperation and conflictamong these social actors, and changes in SAR operations and theirimpact on organizational culture, information, training, and purpose. It also develops an inclusive description of the types of collectiveactors that are present during USAR deployments.Focus groups from ten USAR taskforces and approximately 100 in-depthinterviews with representatives from other agencies and groups thatparticipated in nine USAR national deployment sites are done to developa useful blueprint for local, state, and federal agencies and privateorganizations to follow during participation in SAR operations. Theintent is to improve the effectiveness of disaster responses andcontribute to the social science understanding of the emergentmulti-organizational SAR system as a form of organized, adaptive crisisresponse activity.