Support for U.S. Participation in International Ocean Research Projects and Working Groups

继续为海洋研究科学委员会(SCOR)的国际海洋学活动提供支持，这些活动与美国在海洋科学方面的利益和海洋科学司有关。目前有38个国家派代表参加SCOR。美国国家科学院海洋研究委员会是美国的国家委员会。个别海洋科学家通过工作组和科学指导委员会等附属机构参与南海科学研究活动。资金将支持SCOR的两项主要活动：1)美国对SCOR重点工作组的赞助。目前，有12个这样的工作组，涵盖各种与海洋科学有关的主题。工作组由来自不同国家的专家组成，他们定期举行会议，讨论和评估其专题领域的科学状况，并编写一份报告，为进一步的研究工作提供咨询和建议。2)全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)的科学指导委员会的活动--研究海洋在全球碳循环中的作用及其对全球变化的反应；全球海洋生态系统动力学(GLOBEC)--努力了解海洋的物理变异性与海洋生态系统的结构和功能之间的关系，以及它们可能如何受到全球变化的影响；以及全球有害藻华生态和海洋学(GEOHAB)--一项旨在提高我们对藻华发生过程的了解的计划，该计划对海洋资源、依赖于藻华的经济以及在某些情况下对人类健康产生巨大影响。SCOR还将参与制定一项新计划(表层海洋-低层大气研究，SOLAS)，以研究上层海洋和大气层下层之间的相互作用，在那里发生了许多重要的交换，特别是二氧化碳和其他“温室气体”的相互作用；SCOR和IGBP正在开发海洋生物地球化学和生态系统分析(海洋)项目。海洋的目标是在更广泛的地球系统范围内了解海洋对全球变化的敏感性。这些重大项目起源于美国，并已求助于SCOR，为国际规划和协调提供一个论坛。SCOR的影响已经并将继续明显地体现在测量协议的标准化、数据共享、船舶时间的协调以及扩大实地研究方面，如果没有国际协调，这些都是不可能的。

Continuing support is provided for the international oceanographic activities of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) that are relevant to U.S. interests in marine sciences and the Division of Ocean Sciences. There are currently thirty-eight countries represented in SCOR. The Ocean Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences serves as the U.S. national committee. Individual ocean scientists participate in SCOR activities through subsidiary bodies such as working groups and scientific steering committees. Funding will support two major SCOR activities: 1) U.S. sponsorship of focused SCOR Working Groups. Presently, there are twelve such Working Groups covering diverse ocean-science related topics. Working Groups are comprised of experts from different countries who meet on a regular basis to discuss and assess the scientific status of their topic area and produce a report that advises and provides recommendations for further research efforts. 2) Science Steering Committee activities of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) - a study of the ocean's role in the global carbon cycle and its response to global change; Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) - an effort to understand the relationships between physical variability in the ocean and the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems and how they may be impacted by global change; and Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) - a program to improve our understanding of the processes involved in the development of algal blooms which have enormous consequences for marine resources, the economies which depend upon them and, in some cases, human health. SCOR will also be involved in developing plans for a new program (Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study, SOLAS) to look at the interactions between the upper ocean and the lower part of the atmosphere where many important exchanges take place, in particular of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse gases"; SCOR and IGBP are developing the Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Analysis ( OCEANS) project. The goal of OCEANS is to understand the sensitivity of the ocean to global change within the context of the broader Earth System. These major programs have origins in U.S. and have turned to SCOR to provide a forum for international planning and coordination. SCOR's impact has and will continue to be evident in the standardization of measurement protocols, sharing of data, coordination of ship time, and the enlargement of field studies which would be impossible without international coordination.