Collaborative Research: The Influence of Surface Gradients on Gas Exchange During the SOLAS-ANZ Experiment

SOLAS计划的目标是量化大气-海洋的地球化学-物理相互作用，并确定这种耦合系统如何影响气候和环境变化。 关键目标之一是准确量化海气传输速率。 由于缺乏实地观测，我们对气体通量的了解存在很大差距，最迫切需要观测的区域是南大洋。 模型显示，该区域在未来60年内对海洋碳汇有很大的潜在影响。在这个项目中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所和罗森斯蒂尔海洋和大气科学学院（迈阿密大学）的研究人员将参加2003年11月在南大洋进行的SOLAS-ANZ（表层海洋低层大气研究-澳大利亚/新西兰）气体转移实验。 SOLAS-ANZ巡航将是一个生物扰动实验，涉及添加铁以刺激浮游植物水华。 将用双重示踪技术以及微气象方法对气体输送的相应变化进行量化。 伍兹霍尔和RSMAS团队将通过部署SkinDeEP剖面仪和M-AERI分光辐射计参与探险。 SkinDeEP配备了高分辨率的温度和电导率传感器，可以从10米深的深度到表面调查微观结构。 该团队将通过增加氧气和PAR传感器来扩展SkinDeEP的测量能力。 M-AERI分光辐射计提供了高度精确的海洋表面温度测量。参与这项生物扰动实验将使他们能够估计温度对气体通量的影响。 高分辨率的氧气分布图将允许对表层的生物生产和消耗进行量化。 PAR测量还将通过光的吸收提供生物活性的指标。 这些测量将在施肥区内外进行。通过该项目建立的国际合作将使来自美国和新西兰的研究人员之间的知识转移。 研究小组希望在网站上提供每日更新的巡航，以类似于最近由NSF资助的SOFeX实验的方式，从而使公众能够深入了解海洋学现场实验的日常活动。

ABSTRACTOCE-0326814 / OCE-0327188The SOLAS initiative has as its goal to quantify biogeochemical-physical atmosphere-ocean interactions and determine how this coupled system affects climate and environmental change. One of the key objectives is accurate quantification of air-sea gas transfer rates. The lack of field observations leaves large gaps in our understanding of gas fluxes, and the most urgent region requiring observations is the Southern Oceans. Models have shown that this region has a large potential effect on the ocean carbon sink over the next 60 years. In this project researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (University of Miami) will participate in the SOLAS-ANZ (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study - Australia/ New Zealand) gas transfer experiment in the Southern Ocean in November, 2003. The SOLAS- ANZ cruise will be a bio-perturbation experiment involving the addition of iron to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. The corresponding modification to the gas transfer will be quantified with the dual tracer technique, as well as micrometeorological methods. The Woods Hole and RSMAS team involvement in the expedition will be through the deployment of the SkinDeEP profiler and the M-AERI spectroradiometer. SkinDeEP is equipped with high-resolution temperature and conductivity sensors to investigate microstructure from a depth of 10 m to the surface. The team will extend the measurement capability of SkinDeEP with the addition of oxygen and PAR sensors. The M-AERI spectroradiometer provides highly accurate ocean skin temperature measurements. Participation in this bio-perturbation experiment will allow them to obtain estimates of the influence of temperature on gas fluxes. The high-resolution oxygen profiles will allow quantification of biological production and consumption in the surface layer. The PAR measurements will also provide an indicator of biological activity through the absorption of light. These measurements will be conducted both inside and outside the fertilized patch. The international collaboration established through this project will allow the transfer of knowledge between researchers from the US and New Zealand. The research team expects to make daily updates of the cruise available on a web site, in a similar fashion to the recently NSF-funded SOFeX experiment, thereby allowing the public insight into the daily activities of an oceanographic field experiment.