SENSORS: Optical Wireless Sensor Networks for Critical Infrastructure Surveillance

传感器：用于关键基础设施监控的光学无线传感器网络

• 批准号: 0330235
• 负责人: Stuart Milner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0330235&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SENSORS; Optical; Wireless; Sensor; Networks

There is a growing need, especially in light of Homeland Security, for surveillance of our critical infrastructure, including road, water, electrical, and rail systems. There is an equally compelling concern for a high level of effectiveness among first responders to incidents that may be terrorist related, but could also be the result of weather events or hazardous spills. In both cases, there is an urgent need for high quality video-based surveillance, advanced specialized sensors and high bandwidth communications, which are portable, secure, reconfigurable and offer high availability. Such sensor-communication (SC) networks will be extensive, must be compatible with legacy communication infrastructure, and must be able to transport large quantities of data, which could involve Gb/s data flows from systems of high-resolution cameras. They must be rapidly deployable, and provide in essence an instant communications infrastructure.The use of free space laser communication links, here called optical wireless, is emerging as an important solution to this problem. It is their belief that autonomous optical wireless communication nodes (locations where data are generated or relayed) have the ability to meet the requirements of portability, security, reconfigurability and availability. Will provide the data rates required, do not interfere with existing RF mobile communications, and provide a bridge from where data are generated to the nearest optical fiber connection.In this proposal it describe research on optical wireless in conjunction with other technologies to provide a robust, advanced SC network. A key focus is the development of autonomous (solar-powered) optical wireless transceivers, which have the ability to point and track, can handle continuous or bursty data, and can function in a dynamic, self-configuring network environment (instantaneous infrastructure). The ability of optical wireless communications to provide bursty data communication allows downloading of buffered data from moving nodes, mounted for example on rail cars, police vehicles, trucks, or barges. This permits dynamic adjustment of traffic flow within the communication network by intelligent exchange of detailed situation data between fixed and mobile nodes.Propose to (1) develop the hardware and software for multiple-connected, reconfigurable, SC networks; and (2) test key concepts, in real network demonstrations within a large existing development program, the Capital Area Wireless Integrated Network (CapWIN), using interoperable data communications systems now being implemented to support first responders in the 17 political jurisdictions surrounding the national capital.Intellectual merit of the proposed activity. The intellectual merit in this work lies both in the questions it raises through new modeling, and by the solutions it provides. Advancement of knowledge through the successful completion of this research will bring societal benefits in security, disaster recovery, and extension of SC networks to critical infrastructure, and it will pave the way for technology integrators to incorporate our innovations into deployable systems. Have assembled a strong, multidisciplinary team of electrical and civil engineers, and a computer scientist, with combined expertise in optical and laser engineering, parallel and distributed algorithms, transportation systems, communications, network operation and monitoring of civil infrastructures.Unaware of any technology that allows autonomous reconfiguration of a dynamic network (topology control) using optical wireless while maintaining assured connectivity. While an emerging technology exists for switching between optical wireless point-to-point links, there is no topology control in this internet-like context. The experiments in reconfigurable optical wireless networks suggest that significant improvements in data rate as well as autonomous reconfigurability of wireless networks are possible.Broader impacts of the proposed activity. The research proposed in SC networks for disaster recovery, and extensions of SC networks to critical infrastructure has promise for broad impact on society. This research will also make major contributions to the education of both graduate and undergraduate students from diverse populations. The University of Maryland is one of the most diverse of major American research universities. The PI's and co-PI's have an outstanding record of involving women and minorities in research. Both the Maryland Optics Group and the Maryland Transportation group have among the highest concentrations of women and minority graduate students of all graduate engineering programs within the University. Undergraduate students are involved with the work of the groups every semester. The students are deeply involved with all aspects of our research. Attend national and international conferences and present papers there. Several of the team's previous Ph.D. graduates have gone on to faculty positions and research positions in prestigious laboratories. The team members have also been heavily involved in the University of Maryland Gemstone Program, an NSF-funded program to involve undergraduate students in long-term team-based research. This program has been highly successful as a unique experiment in living/learning education.

特别是在国土安全方面，对我们关键基础设施的监控需求越来越大，包括道路，水，电力和铁路系统。同样令人迫切关注的是，在可能与恐怖主义有关但也可能是天气事件或危险泄漏造成的事件中，第一反应者的效率是否很高。在这两种情况下，都迫切需要高质量的视频监控、先进的专用传感器和高带宽通信，这些都是便携式的、安全的、可重新配置的，并提供高可用性。这种传感器通信（SC）网络将是广泛的，必须与传统的通信基础设施兼容，并且必须能够传输大量数据，这可能涉及来自高分辨率相机系统的Gb/s数据流。它们必须是可迅速部署的，并在本质上提供一种即时通信基础设施，使用自由空间激光通信链路，这里称为光无线电，正在成为解决这一问题的一个重要办法。他们认为，自主光无线通信节点（生成或中继数据的位置）有能力满足便携性、安全性、可重新配置性和可用性的要求。 将提供所需的数据速率，不干扰现有的射频移动的通信，并提供一个桥梁，从那里产生的数据到最近的光纤连接。在这个提案中，它描述了研究光无线与其他技术相结合，以提供一个强大的，先进的SC网络。 一个关键的焦点是自主（太阳能供电）光学无线收发器的发展，它具有指向和跟踪的能力，可以处理连续或突发数据，并可以在动态的，自我配置的网络环境（瞬时基础设施）中运行。光无线通信提供突发数据通信的能力允许从例如安装在轨道汽车、警车、卡车或驳船上的移动节点下载缓冲数据。这允许通过在固定和移动的节点之间智能地交换详细的情况数据来动态地调整通信网络内的业务流。以及（2）在现有的大型开发计划中的真实的网络演示中测试关键概念，即首都地区无线综合网络（CapWIN），使用目前正在实施的可互操作的数据通信系统，支持首都周围17个政治管辖区的第一反应者。这项工作的智力价值在于它通过新的建模提出的问题，以及它提供的解决方案。通过成功完成这项研究，知识的进步将在安全性，灾难恢复和SC网络扩展到关键基础设施方面带来社会效益，并为技术集成商将我们的创新纳入可部署系统铺平道路。 组建了一支强大的多学科电气和土木工程师团队，以及一名计算机科学家，在光学和激光工程、并行和分布式算法、运输系统、通信、网络运营和民用基础设施监控方面拥有综合专业知识。不了解任何允许使用光学无线自主重新配置动态网络（拓扑控制）同时保持有保证的连接的技术。虽然存在用于在光无线点对点链路之间切换的新兴技术，但是在这种类似互联网的上下文中不存在拓扑控制。 在可重构光无线网络的实验表明，显着提高数据速率以及自主可重构的无线网络是可能的。在供应链网络中提出的用于灾难恢复的研究，以及将供应链网络扩展到关键基础设施的研究，有望对社会产生广泛的影响。这项研究也将为来自不同人群的研究生和本科生的教育做出重大贡献。马里兰州大学是美国主要研究型大学中最多样化的大学之一。主要研究者和共同主要研究者在让妇女和少数民族参与研究方面有着出色的记录。无论是马里兰州光学组和马里兰州运输组之间的所有研究生工程项目的妇女和少数民族研究生最集中的大学。本科生每学期都参与小组的工作。 学生们深入参与我们研究的各个方面。 参加国家和国际会议并在会上提交论文。团队中的几位博士。毕业生已在著名的实验室担任教职和研究职位。团队成员还积极参与了马里兰州大学的宝石项目，这是一个由NSF资助的项目，旨在让本科生参与长期的团队研究。该计划作为生活/学习教育的独特实验非常成功。