AToL: Collaborative Research: AmphibiaTree--An Integrated Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Approach to the Tree of Amphibians

哈佛大学的詹姆斯·汉肯博士获得了一笔资助，作为四家机构合作的一部分，他将研究现存两栖动物及其近亲化石的系统发育关系。活着的两栖动物是地球上脊椎动物群的重要组成部分，包括三个目：无尾螈（Gymnophiona），蝾螈（Caudata），青蛙和蟾蜍（Anura）。尽管最近在发现和描述两栖动物的多样性方面取得了进展，但两栖动物进化中的许多关键问题仍未解决，需要对进化关系进行新的分析，以考虑到新的发现。此外，最近两栖动物在许多环境中的数量下降和明显灭绝，使我们迫切需要发现和分类今天存在的多样性。一个由来自不同机构（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校、加州大学伯克利分校、哈佛大学和堪萨斯大学）的七名研究人员组成的小组将与他们的同事合作，解决现代两栖动物的关系问题。在生物多样性热点地区的野外采样将提供新的或以前未采样的谱系的材料。来自活体和化石形式的解剖和形态数据将与尽可能多的物种的一组已定义的线粒体和核基因的DNA序列相结合，并将与现有数据集集成。对这些大型数据集的分析将用于深入了解诸如进化的重复模式、地理模式和进化速度等问题。汉肯博士和他的学生和同事将专注于非洲青蛙和新热带多齿蝾螈的形态学和解剖学研究，并为系统发育分析的分子和形态学数据集的整体整合做出贡献。了解现代两栖动物的进化史对于制定两栖动物的保护策略以及完成生命之树的脊椎动物部分至关重要。该项目将包括广泛的学生培训以及与美国和国际同事的互动。与公众的沟通将利用网络资源，特别是现有的网站AmphibiaWeb，该网站将进一步扩大和发展，为专业人士和广大公众提供有关所有两栖动物物种的信息。AmphibiaWeb还将为学生和高级专业人员提供培训机会，使他们能够更有效地交流他们的发现。

0334846Hanken A grant has been awarded to Dr. James Hanken at Harvard University, as part of a four-institution collaboration, to study phylogenetic relationships of the living amphibians and their close fossil relatives. Living Amphibians are a prominent part of the Earth's vertebrate fauna and include three orders: the caecilians (Gymnophiona), salamanders (Caudata), and frogs and toads (Anura). Despite recent advances in discovering and describing their diversity, many critical questions in amphibian evolution remain unresolved and a fresh analysis of evolutionary relationships is needed to take new discoveries into account. Furthermore, the recent decline and apparent extinction of amphibians from many environments makes it urgent that we discover and classify the diversity present today. A team of seven investigators from diverse institutions (University of Texas at Austin, University of California at Berkeley, Harvard University, and the University of Kansas) and their colleagues will collaborate to resolve modern amphibian relationships. Field sampling in biodiversity hotspots will provide materials of new or previously unsampled lineages. Anatomical and morphological data from living and fossil forms will be combined with DNA sequences from a set of defined mitochondrial and nuclear genes for as many species as possible, and will be integrated with existing data sets. Analysis of these large data sets will be used to gain insight into such questions as repeated patterns of evolution, geographic patterns, and rates of evolution. Dr. Hanken and his students and colleagues will focus on morphological and anatomical studies of African frogs and on select groups of Neotropical plethodontid salamanders, as well as contributing to the overall integration of molecular and morphological datasets for phylogenetic analysis. Understanding the evolutionary history of modern amphibians is critical for developing conservation strategies for amphibians as well as completing the vertebrate portion of the tree of life. The project will involve extensive student training and interaction with US and international colleagues. Communication with the public will utilize web resources, especially AmphibiaWeb, an existing site that will be expanded and further developed to provide information on all species of amphibians for professionals and the public at large. AmphibiaWeb will also provide training opportunities for students and senior professionals to enable them more effectively to communicate their findings.