SENSE Workshop: Sample Environments for Neutron Scattering Experiments in Tallahassee, FL, September 24-26, 2003

这个项目是关于中子散射实验（SENSE）的样品环境的研讨会。 它以行动为导向，目标是（1）探索影响中子散射先进样品环境开发问题的科学驱动因素-主要集中在Spanish中子源（SNS）-以及（2）制定路线图以满足这些需求。 鼓励新使用中子散射的科学家参加针对化学和生物界的NSFCHEMBIO同伴研讨会开始时的辅导课程。 SENSE研讨会以全体会议开始，考虑先进样品环境的科学案例;即提供样品温度，压力，磁场环境和化学环境控制的环境。 讲习班继续就科学研究和世界各地主要样品环境的技术问题进行一系列平行口头介绍。 随后是以用户为中心的互动会议。 SENSE研讨会还包括参观NHMFL和与平行的NSFCHEMBIO研讨会的联合会议。 由于SENSE研讨会的目的是为国家样本-环境举措制定一个科学驱动的路线图，因此研讨会结束时由研讨会各部门主席和“概念小组”进行总结，并确定后续行动项目。 除了吸引该领域的专家外，SENSE研讨会还涉及更广泛的社区，特别是包括研究生，博士后和初级教师，以及新的中子散射技术的科学家。 全体会议的两名讲师是妇女，组织者还与几个HBCU进行了接触，低能中子是物质性质的有用探测器，对从原子尺度到微米的空间尺度上的结构和动力学性质特别敏感。 这些是聚合物、金属和合金中的颗粒以及活细胞的尺度特征。 中子也提供了类似尺度的独特的磁性探针。 然而，材料的性质取决于其环境中的条件。 例如，周围的温度、压力和磁场环境都会影响物理材料的性能。 这在物质的熔点或冰点附近是明显的。 同样，活细胞的特性也受到温度、压力和它们所处的化学环境的影响。 然而，到目前为止，通常不可能提供允许对这些参数进行广泛控制的样品环境。 该讲习班的目的是探讨各科学界对先进样品环境的需求，并制定一项行动计划，使这些需求得以实现。 这个项目是特别及时的，现在的SpO 2中子源（SNS）接近完成在橡树岭国家实验室在2006年。

This project is a workshop on Sample Environments for Neutron Scattering Experiments (SENSE). It is action-oriented, with the goals of (1) exploring the science drivers that impact issues concerning the development of advanced sample environments for neutron scattering - primarily focused on the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) - and (2) developing a roadmap to address these needs. Scientists who are new to the use of neutron scattering are encouraged to attend a tutorial session at the beginning of a companion NSFCHEMBIO workshop targeted at the chemistry and biology communities. The SENSE workshop proper begins with a plenary session to consider the science case for advanced sample environments; that is, environments that provide control of the sample temperature, pressure, magnetic-field environment, and chemical environment. The workshop continues with a series of parallel oral presentations on scientific research and on the technical aspects of leading sample environments worldwide. This is followed by user-focused interactive sessions. The SENSE workshop also includes a tour of the NHMFL and joint sessions with the parallel NSFCHEMBIO workshop. Because the SENSE workshop is intended to launch the development of a science-driven roadmap for national sample-environment initiatives, it concludes with summaries by the workshop section chairs and "concept teams" and the identification of follow-up action items. In addition to engaging experts in the field, the SENSE workshop is involving the broader community, specifically including graduate students, postdocs, and junior faculty members, as well as scientists who are new to the technique of neutron scattering. Two of the plenary lecturers are women, and the organizers are also reaching out to several HBCUs.Neutrons with low energies are useful probes of the properties of matter, being especially responsive to structural and dynamical properties on spatial scales ranging from atomic dimensions to micro-meters. These are scales characteristic of, for example, polymers, grains in metals and alloys, and living cells. Neutrons also provide unique probes of magnetic properties on similar scales. The properties of materials depend upon conditions in their environment, however. For example, the ambient temperature, pressure, and magnetic-field environment all affect the properties of physical materials. This is obvious near the melting or freezing point of a substance. Similarly, the properties of living cells are affected by temperature, pressure, and the chemical environments in which they find themselves. Up to this point, however, it has not generally been possible to provide sample environments that allow wide-ranging control of such parameters. The purpose of this workshop is to explore the needs of the various scientific communities for advanced sample environments and to develop a plan of action to enable them to be realized. This project is especially timely now, as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) approaches completion at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 2006.