Investigations of Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling using a SuperDARN Radar at South Pole Station

超级双极光雷达网络是一个国际合作实验，用于观测地球电离层的等离子体对流。通过观察电离层等离子体运动，可以研究许多地球物理过程。这些过程的范围从e区等离子体的不稳定性，到极光亮度和电场之间的关系，再到全球尺度对太阳风和行星际磁场变化的对流响应。这些研究领域中的每一个都有助于实现空间物理学的总体目标：了解太阳风能量与地球高层大气的耦合及其对人类或人造系统的影响。目前，superdamn在北半球覆盖近15个小时的当地时间，在南半球覆盖近12个小时。随着网络的发展和其潜力的展示，使用superdam数据的科学家数量每年都在增加，科学上重要的出版物数量也在增加。然而，实现许多目标需要更大规模的覆盖。具体地说，对对流流动的持续监测需要划定磁极的雷达观测。为南极站提出的雷达，以及我们的国际合作者目前为南极大陆其他地点提出的其他新雷达，将在南半球实现这一目标。根据拟议的计划，高频雷达将被建造在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站。来自该雷达的数据将与来自超级雷达网络其余部分的数据以及南极洲丰富的其他空间物理仪器的数据一起用于研究各种主题，包括：全球对流对太阳风和IMF变化的响应、等离子体进入和离开极帽、磁尾对太阳风变化的响应、磁层尖对太阳风变化的响应、等离子体斑块穿过极帽的运动、中间层风和热层重力波。此外，通过在南半球建立全球范围的覆盖，该雷达将有助于解决有关地磁共轭的问题，以及由太阳光照不对称引起的差异。这一提议有两个主要领域具有更广泛的影响。首先，作为一个国际雷达网络，superdam促进了成员国之间的合作。目前有8个国家支持在南极洲进行超级修复工作。它在这些国家的空间物理研究项目中发挥着重要作用。在该计划下促进的国际合作科学努力将产生广泛的社会影响。这项提议的另一个更广泛的影响方面是它对下一代空间物理科学家的教育的贡献。在项目的整个生命周期中，它将为一些学生和博士后的教育做出贡献。

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, or SuperDARN, is an international collaborative experiment for observations of plasma convection in the Earth's ionosphere. By observing ionospheric plasma motion, a multitude of geophysical processes can be studied. These processes range from E-region plasma instabilities, to the relationships between auroral luminosity and electric fields, to the global-scale convective response to changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field. Each of these areas of study contributes to the overall goals of space physics: developing an understanding of the coupling of energy from the solar wind into Earth's upper atmosphere and its effects on man or manmade systems. Currently, SuperDARN covers nearly 15 hours of local time in the northern hemisphere, and close to 12 hours in the southern hemisphere. As the network has grown and demonstrated its potential, the number of scientist working with SuperDARN data has increased annually as has the number of scientifically significant publications. Addressing many of the goals, however, requires larger-scale coverage. Specifically, the continuous monitoring of convective flows requires radar observations that circumscribe the magnetic poles. The radar proposed for South Pole Station, along with the other new radars currently being proposed by our international collaborators for other locations on the Antarctic continent, will achieve this goal in the southern hemisphere.Under the proposed program, the HF radar will be constructed Amundsen-Scott South Pole station. Data from the radar will be used, in conjunction with data from the rest of the SuperDARN network and the wealth of other space physics instruments in Antarctica, to study a variety of topics, including: responses of global convection to solar wind and IMF changes, plasma entry into, and exit from, the polar cap, and the accompanying response of the magnetotail, magnetospheric cusp response to changes in the solar wind, the motions of plasma patches through the polar cap, mesospheric winds, and thermospheric gravity waves. In addition, by establishing global-scale coverage in the southern hemisphere, the radar will help addressing questions about geomagnetic conjugacy, and the differences caused by the asymmetry of solar illumination. There are two main areas of broader impact in this proposal. First, as an international network of radars, SuperDARN fosters collaboration among member nations. There are currently eight nations that support SuperDARN work in Antarctica. It plays an important role in space physics research programs in each of these nations. The international cooperative scientific effort fostered under this program will have broad societal impacts. Another broader impact aspect of this proposal is its contribution to the education of the next generation of space physics scientists. Over the lifetime of the program, it will contribute to the education of a number of students and postdoctoral fellows.