Polar Experimantal Network for Geospace Upper-atmosphere Investigations (PENGUIn): Interhemispheric Investigations along the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian

“该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。“太阳风-磁层-电离层系统及其控制的空间天气现象是一个复杂而动态的环境，人们日益认识到它可能影响关键的人类技术基础设施。为了能够预测并适应空间气象事件可能对卫星通信和电力网等各种基础设施造成的影响，有必要开发准确的日地环境地磁模型。由于地球磁场的偶极性质，地球的外磁层映射到两个半球极地和极光纬度相对较小的区域。北方的仪器相对较好。然而，缺乏足够的观测，特别是在南半球，削弱了我们验证地球空间环境全球模型的能力。主磁偶极子偏移和倾斜，导致南半球的极场较弱。 季节性的电离层电动不对称也会产生类似的结果。这两种影响的程度需要测量和更充分地了解，以建立可靠的空间气象模型，该项目寻求继续开发和部署一系列磁力计，这些磁力计位于沿着南部高纬度40度磁子午线，以提供半球间共轭测量，补充现有密集的格陵兰西海岸磁力计阵列的数据。这种测量打开了从北方和南半球同时获得数据的希望，从而能够调查整个外磁层的半球间电动耦合。

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."The solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere system and the space weather phenomena it controls is a complex and dynamic environment that has increasing recognition of potentially impacting critical human technological infrastructure. To be able to forecast, and thus adapt to, the impact space weather events may have on infrastructure as diverse as satellite communications and power grids, it is necessary to develop accurate geomagnetic models of the Sun-Earth environment. Due to the dipole nature of the planet's magnetic field, the Earth's outer magnetosphere maps to relatively small regions in the polar and auroral latitudes in both hemispheres. The northern hemisphere is relatively well instrumented. However, lack of sufficient observations particularly notable in the Southern hemisphere lessens our ability to validate global models of the geospace environment. The main magnetic dipole is offset and tilted, resulting in a weaker polar field in the southern hemisphere. Seasonal ionospheric electrodynamic asymetries similarly result. The magnitudes of both these effects need to be measured and more fully understood to build reliable Space Weather models.This project seeks continued development and deployment of a chain of magnetometers located along the southern high latitude 40 degree magnetic meridian to provide conjugate inter-hemispheric measurements complementing the data from the existing dense Greenland west coast magnetometer array. Such measurements open the promise of simultaneous data from northern and southern hemispheres to enable the investigation of inter-hemispheric electrodynamic coupling throughout the entire outer magnetosphere.