Polar Experimantal Network for Geospace Upper-atmosphere Investigations (PENGUIn): Interhemispheric Investigations along the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian

“这项奖励是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。”太阳风-磁层-电离层系统及其控制的空间天气现象是一个复杂的动态环境，人们越来越认识到它可能对人类关键技术基础设施产生影响。为了能够预测并适应空间天气事件可能对卫星通信和电网等多种基础设施产生的影响，有必要开发精确的太阳-地球环境地磁模型。由于地球磁场的偶极性质，地球的外磁层映射到两个半球的极地和极光纬度上相对较小的区域。北半球的仪器相对较好。然而，缺乏足够的观测，特别是在南半球，降低了我们验证地球空间环境全球模式的能力。主磁偶极子偏移和倾斜，导致南半球的极场较弱。季节性电离层电动力学的不对称性也有类似的结果。为了建立可靠的空间天气模型，这两种影响的大小都需要测量和更充分地了解。该项目寻求继续开发和部署沿南部高纬度40度磁子午线的磁强计链，以提供半球间共轭测量，补充现有密集格陵兰西海岸磁强计阵列的数据。这样的测量开启了从北半球和南半球同时获得数据的希望，使研究整个外磁层的半球间电动力学耦合成为可能。

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."The solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere system and the space weather phenomena it controls is a complex and dynamic environment that has increasing recognition of potentially impacting critical human technological infrastructure. To be able to forecast, and thus adapt to, the impact space weather events may have on infrastructure as diverse as satellite communications and power grids, it is necessary to develop accurate geomagnetic models of the Sun-Earth environment. Due to the dipole nature of the planet's magnetic field, the Earth's outer magnetosphere maps to relatively small regions in the polar and auroral latitudes in both hemispheres. The northern hemisphere is relatively well instrumented. However, lack of sufficient observations particularly notable in the Southern hemisphere lessens our ability to validate global models of the geospace environment. The main magnetic dipole is offset and tilted, resulting in a weaker polar field in the southern hemisphere. Seasonal ionospheric electrodynamic asymetries similarly result. The magnitudes of both these effects need to be measured and more fully understood to build reliable Space Weather models.This project seeks continued development and deployment of a chain of magnetometers located along the southern high latitude 40 degree magnetic meridian to provide conjugate inter-hemispheric measurements complementing the data from the existing dense Greenland west coast magnetometer array. Such measurements open the promise of simultaneous data from northern and southern hemispheres to enable the investigation of inter-hemispheric electrodynamic coupling throughout the entire outer magnetosphere.