COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Is Kamb Ice Stream Restarting? Glaciological Investigations of the Bulge-Trunk Transition on Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica

该奖项支持一个项目，该项目旨在测试Kamb冰流（原冰流C (ISC)）是否已经重新开始，这条冰流被认为在大约150年前停止了。如果是的话，它将有助于确定冰流重新激活的速率以及控制这一速率的机制。如果没有证据表明冰流正在重新激活，则将检查阻止冰流重新激活的物理控制，并探索冰流在不久的将来演变的替代方案。其中一种情况是，向邻近的惠兰斯冰流转移的冰增加。这种改道可能有助于防止惠兰斯冰流的完全停止，至少在过去的24年里，它一直在减速。该项目将由两个部分组成：(1)利用破冰雷达和差分全球定位系统对床层性质、内部雷达反射镜几何形状、表面应变率和速度/地形变化进行实地观测；(2)对Kamb冰流近未来（~100-1000年）演化进行数值模拟研究。现场部分将集中在凸起到主干的过渡，目前位于所谓的营地UpC下游。Kamb冰流的重新激活应反映在隆起-干流转换的下游迁移中，其迁移速率可能很高（隆起迁移速率约为~km/年）。建模组件将用于生成有关Kamb冰流近期行为的预测。该项目将为圣奥拉夫学院（St. Olaf College）至少两名本科生（每年）和加州大学圣迭戈分校（UCSC）至少一名本科生（每年）提供培训机会。这项合作将汇集来自美国三种不同类型机构的科学家：(1)文理学院（St.Olaf college），(2)公立研究型大学（UCSC）和(3)NASA研究实验室（JPL）。该项目还将帮助在加州大学圣地亚哥分校建立一个新的冰川学研究项目。项目结果将纳入UCSC的本科和研究生课程，并将通过UCSC PI研究网站上的可下载图形和动画向公众和教育工作者提供。该项目的实地数据将公布在南极冰川学数据中心，供其他调查人员使用。

This award supports a project to test whether Kamb Ice Stream (formerly Ice Stream C (ISC)), an ice streamthat is thought to have stopped ~150 years ago, may be already in the process of restarting. If yes, it will help establish what is the rate of ice stream reactivation and what mechanisms are controlling this rate. If there is no evidence for ongoing ice stream reactivation, the physical controls that are preventing it will be examined and alternative scenarios for near-future evolution of this ice stream will be explored. One such scenario is an increase in ice diversion toward the neighboring Whillans Ice Stream. Such diversion may help prevent a complete stoppage of Whillans Ice Stream,which has been slowing down for at least the last 24 years. This project will consist of two components: (1) field observations of bed properties,geometry of internal radar reflectors, as well as surface strain rates and velocity/topography changes using Ice-Penetrating Radar and differential Global Positioning System, (2) numerical modeling study of near future(~100-1000 years) evolution of Kamb Ice Stream. The field component will be focused on the bulge-to-trunk transition, which is located at the present time just downstream of the so-called camp UpC. Reactivation of Kamb Ice Stream should be reflected in a downstream migration of the bulge-trunk transition at possibly high rates (bulge migration rates of ~km/yr occur on surging mountain glaciers). The modelingcomponent will be used to generate predictions regarding the near-future behavior of Kamb Ice Stream. This project will provide training opportunities for at least two undergraduate students (per year) at St. Olaf College and for oneundergraduate student (per year) at UCSC. This collaboration will bring together scientists from three different types of US institutions: (1) a liberal arts college (St.Olaf College), (2) a public research university (UCSC) and (3) a NASA research laboratory (JPL). The project will also help build a new glaciological research program at UCSC. Project results will be incorporated into undergraduate and graduate courses at UCSC and will be made availableto the general public and educators through downloadable graphics and animations posted on the research website of the UCSC PI. Field data resulting from the project will be posted in the Antarctic Glaciological Data Center for use by other investigators.