AToL: Collaborative Research: Large-scale Phylogeny of Hymenoptera

一笔赠款已授予迈克尔·S博士。恩格尔的堪萨斯大学的一项大规模的研究的进化历史的Hyattera-昆虫的命令，包括蚂蚁，蜜蜂和黄蜂。该目有超过115，000种已被描述的物种，包括地球上多达10%的物种多样性，估计在30万到250万种之间。 学生和研究生研究人员将参与与大量国际科学家的合作。 我们将使用解剖学和分子数据来追溯这一组的历史，以在科的分类学水平上产生一个得到充分支持的进化假说。 最后的分析将有多达2,000个物种，代表所有的水螅类家庭和亚科。 由于我们将研究的大多数解剖特征在属的分类学水平上不会发生变化，因此我们将隐含地包括所有具有足够描述并共享分析中使用的解剖特征的物种。 出版的产品将包括一系列的专题著作和两本关于Hypletera的生殖发育的书籍，一个交互式的Hypletera家庭的电子钥匙，通过万维网访问详细的形态图像，以及访问所有Hypletera的所有解剖和分子数据。 有些是威胁林业和小麦种植的严重经济害虫（叶蜂），城市景观的医疗和有毒害虫（社会黄蜂和蚂蚁），传粉者（蜜蜂），以及通过寄生和控制害虫（大多数寄生黄蜂）的能力来保护我们的农作物。 知识的整个顺序的演变是非常重要的放置在一个正确的背景下，更有限的研究行为，主机协会和能力，发现新的害虫控制剂的类群。

A grant has been awarded to Dr. Michael S. Engel of the University of Kansas for a large-scale study of the evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera - the order of insects containing the ants, bees and wasps. With more than 115,000 described species, this order includes as much as 10% of the species diversity of the planet, with estimates ranging between 0.3 and 2.5 million species. Students and postgraduate researchers will be involved in a collaborative effort with a large array of international scientists. We will trace the history of this group using both anatomical and molecular data, to produce a well-supported evolutionary hypothesis at the taxonomic level of family. The final analyses will have up to 2,000 species, representing all hymenopteran families and subfamilies. Because most anatomical features we will study will not vary at the taxonomic level of genus, we will implicitly be including all species that have adequate descriptions and share the anatomical traits used in the analysis. Published products will include a series of monographs and two books on the phylogeny of Hymenoptera, an interactive electronic key to Hymenoptera families, access to detailed morphological images through World Wide Web, and access to all the anatomical and molecular data for all Hymenoptera.Economically and ecologically, Hymenoptera are one of the most important groups of organisms. Some are severe economic pests threatening both the forest industry and wheat farming (sawflies), medical and noxious pests of urban landscapes (social wasps and ants), pollinators (bees), and defenders of our agricultural crops through their ability to parasitize and control pest insects (most parasitic wasps). Knowledge of the evolution of the entire order is extremely important for placing taxa within a correct context for more limited studies of behavior, host associations and ability to discover novel pest control agents.