Collaborative Research: Gas, Cloudwater, and Rain Hydrogen Peroxide and Methylhydroperoxide Measurements in RICO (Rain in Cumulus Over the Ocean)

合作研究：RICO（海洋积云雨）中的气体、云水和雨水过氧化氢和甲基氢过氧化物测量

• 批准号: 0342386
• 负责人: Brian Heikes
• 金额: $ 32.12万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342386&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Gas; Cloudwater; Rain

The investigators will contribute to the "Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean" (RICO) experiment by measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide inside and in the vicinity of clouds studied by a research aircraft, the C-130, during flights near Antigua. In combination with other measurements, the measured concentrations will indicate cloud age and the amount of environmental air entrained into the clouds. The broader RICO experiment seeks to study the mechanisms of warm-rain formation, so indications of cloud age can make substantial contributions to the broader experimental objectives by indicating the time available for formation of rain. The study will also characterize the oxidization that occurs in cloud droplets and investigate if substantial production of soluble material occurs as a consequence, causing the residue left upon evaporation of a droplet to be substantially more active as a cloud condensation nucleus than was the original nucleus on which the droplet formed. Furthermore, the two peroxide species are distributed differently in the vertical as a result of precipitation, so their ratio can identify parcels that have been affected by precipitation. These studies will all contribute to better understanding of precipitation processes and the characteristics of trade wind Cumulus clouds.The work will also make important contributions to the training of graduate and undergraduate students and so help develop future capabilities for research in atmospheric chemistry. The techniques to be developed, if shown to be successful, could become important components of future cloud studies. By improving understanding of how oxidation contributes to the growth and modification of cloud condensation nuclei, the project has the potential to help develop a better understanding of the chemical processes that control the microstructure of clouds and hence the interactions of clouds with the climate system.

研究人员将通过测量研究飞机C-130在安提瓜附近飞行期间研究的云层内部和附近的过氧化氢和甲基过氧化氢浓度，为“海洋上的积云中的雨”(RICO)实验做出贡献。结合其他测量，测量的浓度将指示云的年龄和带入云中的环境空气的量。更广泛的RICO实验试图研究暖雨形成的机制，因此云年龄的迹象可以通过指示可用于形成雨的时间来对更广泛的实验目标做出实质性贡献。这项研究还将确定云滴中发生的氧化的特征，并调查是否因此产生大量可溶物质，导致液滴蒸发后留下的残留物作为云凝结核比形成液滴的原始核活跃得多。此外，由于降水的影响，这两种过氧化氢物种在垂直方向上的分布不同，因此它们的比例可以识别受降水影响的地块。这些研究都将有助于更好地了解降水过程和信风积云的特征，这项工作也将对研究生和本科生的培养做出重要贡献，从而有助于培养未来的大气化学研究能力。即将开发的技术如果被证明是成功的，可能会成为未来云研究的重要组成部分。通过提高对氧化如何促进云凝结核生长和修改的了解，该项目有可能帮助更好地了解控制云微结构的化学过程，从而更好地了解云与气候系统的相互作用。