Phylogeny and Dispersal in the Grass-Feeding Delphacid Planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

草食性飞虱的系统发育和传播（昆虫门：半翅目：飞虱科）

• 批准号: 0342538
• 负责人: Jason Cryan
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: The University of the State of New York
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-15 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeny; Dispersal; Grass; Feeding; Delphacid

The insect family Delphacidae, commonly called planthoppers, is a relatively large and widely distributed group of plant-feeding insects. The economic importance of planthoppers is well documented. The family includes at least 55 species that feed on economic plants and includes major pests of five of the top ten major world food crops, such as rice, sugarcane, maize, taro, and cereals. The importance of planthoppers as pests, particularly on rice, has driven research on their control. Plant damage results both from direct feeding and transmission of various plant diseases capable of causing millions of dollars of damage annually to the worldwide agricultural industry. Some planthopper groups tend to be specialist grass feeders (including cereal crop grasses), whereas other groups feed on sedges, rushes, and dicots. Based on environmental cues, nymphs of grass-feeding planthopper species develop into either short-winged or long-winged forms. Short-winged forms produce more offspring under favorable conditions, while long-winged forms are able to disperse into new environments when conditions are unfavorable. Despite the well-established scientific and economic importance of planthoppers, evolutionary relationships among planthopper groups are essentially unknown, effectively limiting biological studies on these insects. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct, using a combination of evidence taken from anatomical comparison and DNA analysis, the evolutionary relationships within the planthopper family Delphacidae based on a worldwide sample of these insects. By determining and interpreting planthopper evolutionary history in the contexts of geographic distribution and host plant association, the researchers will test their hypothesis that host plant shifts to grasses are responsible for the evolutionary success (i.e., greater diversity and range) of advanced planthoppers.The understanding of planthopper evolution generated by this research will be of particular importance to the control of known planthopper crop pests, as well as for the control of future outbreaks of novel planthopper pests. This work will also provide a framework for integrating the considerable number of scientific studies that have been conducted on individual planthopper species. The researchers will also develop Internet accessible keys to aid in the identification of planthopper species; these keys will be of considerable value to both scientists studying these insects, as well as workers in agriculture environments affected by these insects. Additionally, the cutting-edge evolutionary analyses carried out through this research will serve as a model for similar studies on other plant and animal groups.

飞虱科（Delphacidae）昆虫，通常称为飞虱，是一个相对较大且分布广泛的食草昆虫类群。 飞虱的经济重要性是有据可查的。 该科包括至少 55 个以经济植物为食的物种，包括世界十大主要粮食作物中五种的主要害虫，如水稻、甘蔗、玉米、芋头和谷物。 飞虱作为害虫（尤其是水稻害虫）的重要性推动了对其控制的研究。 植物损害是由各种植物病害的直接喂养和传播造成的，这些病害每年会给全球农业造成数百万美元的损失。 一些飞虱群体往往是专门的草食者（包括谷类作物草），而其他群体则以莎草、灯心草和双子叶植物为食。 根据环境因素，食草飞虱的若虫发育成短翅或长翅的形式。 短翅型在有利的条件下会产生更多的后代，而长翅型则能够在条件不利时分散到新的环境中。 尽管飞虱具有公认的科学和经济重要性，但飞虱群体之间的进化关系基本上是未知的，这有效地限制了对这些昆虫的生物学研究。 本研究的目的是结合解剖学比较和 DNA 分析获得的证据，基于全球范围内的飞虱科昆虫样本，重建飞虱科内部的进化关系。 通过在地理分布和寄主植物关联的背景下确定和解释飞虱的进化历史，研究人员将检验他们的假设，即寄主植物向禾本科的转变是高级飞虱进化成功（即更大的多样性和范围）的原因。这项研究产生的对飞虱进化的理解对于控制已知飞虱作物害虫以及控制未来新型飞虱的爆发特别重要。 飞虱害虫。 这项工作还将提供一个框架，用于整合对单个飞虱物种进行的大量科学研究。 研究人员还将开发互联网访问密钥，以帮助识别飞虱物种；这些密钥对于研究这些昆虫的科学家以及受这些昆虫影响的农业环境中的工人来说都具有相当大的价值。 此外，通过这项研究进行的尖端进化分析将作为其他动植物群类似研究的模型。