Rapid Response Monitoring of Wildfire Impact on Partitioning of Infiltration and Runoff: The 2003 Aspen Fire in Sabino Canyon, Arizona

快速响应监测野火对渗透和径流分区的影响：2003 年亚利桑那州萨比诺峡谷的阿斯彭火灾

• 批准号: 0342831
• 负责人: Bart Nijssen
• 金额: $ 9.37万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342831&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Response; Monitoring; Wildfire; Impact

Nijssen0342831In the Southwest, severe fires can destroy as much as 90% of the vegetation and litter cover. Exposed, burned soils are highly vulnerable to intense monsoon rains, leading to increases in surface runoff, peak flows, and erosion rate. These drastic physical and chemical hydrologic changes negatively impact aquatic habitats and endanger human lives and property. The Aspen Fire in the Coronado National Forest north of Tucson has burned in excess of 40,000 acres and destroyed more than 300 structures. This tragic fire offers a unique opportunity to monitor post- fire soil and water conditions in the well-studied Sabino Creek basin. The effects of fire at this point scale have been studied extensively and generally, local scale investigations have shown that the magnitudes of the hydrologic impacts of fire depend on vegetation, topography, temperature, and fire-intensity. What is lacking is a coordinated study that links point scale I hydrologic changes with basin-integrated runoff and stream flow response. The unique opportunity to combine soil physical measurements of infiltration capacity with integrated watershed geochemistry will improve our ability to unravel the partitioning between runoff and infiltration after a wildf1re. Funding sought under this SGER proposal will be used for intensive Data collection in the period immediately following the burn and for continued monitoring over the next year. SGER is selected as the funding vehicle, because of the urgency to start the research before or as close as possible to the start of the monsoon. The motivating science question is: How is the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and surface runoff affected by wildfire? We propose an intensive data collection campaign to measure the watershed response to monsoon and winter storm events in the wake of the Aspen Fire. Continued monitoring, to gauge recovery, will take place over the remainder of the year. Soil physical measurements, using a modified air permeameter will be made to determine the extent to which fire-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties lead to changes in infiltration and Runoff generation. Stream flow measurements and analysis of soil and water chemistry will b~ used to investigate the catchments response.

在西南部，严重的大火可以摧毁高达90%的植被和枯枝落叶。裸露、烧毁的土壤极易受到强烈季风雨的影响，导致地表径流、峰值径流和侵蚀率增加。这些剧烈的物理和化学水文变化对水生栖息地产生了负面影响，危及人类生命财产。图森北部科罗纳多国家森林的阿斯彭大火烧毁了超过4万英亩的土地，摧毁了300多座建筑。这场悲惨的火灾为监测经过充分研究的Sabino Creek盆地的火灾后土壤和水状况提供了一个独特的机会。在这一点尺度上，火灾的影响已经被广泛地研究，通常，局部尺度的调查表明，火灾的水文影响的大小取决于植被、地形、温度和火灾强度。缺少的是一项协调研究，该研究将第I点的水文变化与流域综合径流和水流响应联系起来。将土壤渗透能力的物理测量与综合流域地球化学相结合的独特机会将提高我们在野外森林之后解开径流和入渗之间分配的能力。根据这项SGER提案寻求的资金将用于紧接烧伤后一段时间的密集数据收集，并在下一年继续监测。SGER被选为资助工具，因为在季风开始之前或尽可能接近季风开始之前或尽可能接近季风开始之前启动研究的紧迫性。激发科学动机的问题是：野火是如何影响降水的入渗和地表径流分配的？我们提出了一项密集的数据收集活动，以衡量分水岭对阿斯彭火灾后季风和冬季风暴事件的反应。今年剩余时间将继续进行监测，以衡量复苏情况。将使用改装的空气渗透仪进行土壤物理测量，以确定火灾引起的土壤水力特性变化导致入渗和径流产生变化的程度。将利用径流测量和土壤和水化学分析来研究集水区的响应。