GEM: A Parametric Study of Geomagnetic Storms during Magnetic Cloud Intervals Using Global MHD Simulations

本项目的目标是通过对一组出现在各种不同配置中的理想化磁云的模拟分析来扩展我们对各种磁云配置对磁层-电离层系统的影响的理解。 磁场方向的极性似乎是按照太阳活动周期排列的，并且可能对给定磁云的地球有效性起决定性作用。 此外，磁云往往伴随着行星际激波、高速气流和拖尾密度增强。 由于无法将这些潜在的协同特征分开，对这些相互作用中所涉及的基本物理学的理解的发展受到了阻碍。 Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry（LFM）全球MHD代码将用于模拟各种磁云条件下的磁层-电离层系统。 此外，一个二维相对论导向中心粒子代码将被用来模拟辐射带的演变。 该研究将侧重于1）改变磁云的极性，2）改变IMF旋转间隔的持续时间，3）改变磁层的能量输入，以及4）包括拖尾密度增强。 从模拟中得出的一组基线参数将用于评估哪些特征控制给定配置的地球有效性。

The goal of this project is to expand our understanding of the effects of various magnetic cloud configuration on the magnetosphere - ionosphere system by analyzing simulations for a set of idealized magnetic clouds occur in variety of different configurations. The polarity of the magnetic field orientation appears to be ordered by solar cycle and may have a determining role on the geoeffectiveness of a given magnetic cloud. Furthermore, magnetic clouds are often accompanied by interplanetary shocks, high-speed streams and trailing density enhancements. The development of an understanding of fundamental physics involved in these interactions has been hampered by an inability to separate these potentially synergistic features. The Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global MHD code will be used to simulate the magnetosphere - ionosphere system under a variety of magnetic cloud conditions. In addition, a 2-D relativistic guiding center particle code will be used to mode the evolution of the radiation belts. The study will focus on 1) varying the polarity of the magnetic cloud, 2) changing the duration of the IMF rotation interval, 3) changing the energy input into the magnetosphere, and 4) including trailing density enhancements. A baseline set of parameters derived from the simulation will be used to assess which features control the geoeffectiveness of a given configuration.