Evolvability and Constraint in Fly Wings

这个项目使用果蝇(果蝇)来研究基因如何相互作用。果蝇将被有选择地繁殖，以改变其翅膀形状的特定方面，然后进行研究，以揭示负责翅膀形状的基因如何相互作用。首先，将进行一些机翼方面的选择，同时对其他方面进行约束。比较受限制和不受限制的群体可以估计遗传多效性(当单个基因影响几个性状时)。其次，实验将在不同翅膀形状的苍蝇种群之间移植基因。比较这些移植的效果将使我们能够估计遗传上位性(特定基因的影响如何依赖于存在的其他基因)。最后，该项目测试和研究了一个新的上位性数学模型及其对进化生物学的影响。虽然多效性和上位性是已知的常见现象，但人们对它们的性质知之甚少。这些实验将是第一批仔细研究这些遗传因素的性质和大小的实验之一。了解这些因素有可能极大地影响所有研究遗传相互作用的领域，包括医学和畜牧业。这些数据将主要由来自佛罗里达州立大学种族和经济多元化人口的本科生收集。

This project uses Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) to investigate how genes interact with one another. Flies will be selectively bred to change specific aspects of the shape of their wings then studied to reveal how the genes responsible for wing shape interact. First, selection to change some wing aspects while constraining others will be conducted. Comparing the constrained and non-constrained populations will allow estimation of genetic pleiotropy (when single genes influence several traits). Second, experiments will transplant genes between fly populations with different wing shapes. Comparing the effects of these transplants will allow us to estimate the genetic epistasis (how the effects of a particular gene depend on other genes present). Finally, the project tests and investigates a new mathematical model of epistasis and it's implications for evolutionary biology.While pleiotropy and epistasis are known to be common, their properties are poorly understood. These experiments will be among the first to carefully investigate the nature and magnitude of these genetic factors. Understanding these factors has the potential to greatly impact all fields studying genetic interactions, including medicine and livestock breeding. The data will be gathered largely by undergraduate students from the ethnically and economically diverse population of Florida State University.