Collaborative Research: Testing Measures of Evolvability: Adaptation and Genetic Constraints in Dalechampia Vines (Euphorbiaceae)

合作研究：测试进化性的测量：Dalechampia 藤蔓（大戟科）的适应和遗传约束

• 批准号: 0444157
• 负责人: Thomas Hansen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-15 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0444157&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Testing; Measures; Evolvability

Genetic change is a dominant theme in the evolutiona and diversification of organisms, yet surprisingly little is known about which traits and organisms are most likely to undergo major shifts in gene frequency in response to natural selection and environmental change. Empirical study of change in heritable traits depends on having an operational measure of potential change that reflects the ability of a trait to respond to a given external selection pressure under the constraint of stabilizing or opposing selection on correlated characters. The investigators suggest that the additive genetic variance conditioned on correlated traits and scaled by the square of the trait mean, "conditional IA," is a better measure of short-term change than the traditional measure, "heritability." They will use these new measures to test hypotheses about the role of genetic constraints in determining large-scale patterns of variation in the blossoms of Dalechampia, a neotropical vine. They will use a combination of artificial-selection and field experiments to document potential for evolution and patterns of natural selection. This project will advance our understanding of how organisms evolve in response to natural selection, with possible applications to understanding response of plants to climate change, crop breeding, and the origins of pesticide and drug resistance. The project will train two postdoctoral researchers, one master's student, and several undergraduate students. It will also promote international collaboration between the USA, Norway, the United Kingdom, and several Latin American countries.

遗传变化是生物进化和多样化的一个主要主题，但令人惊讶的是，人们对哪些性状和生物最有可能在自然选择和环境变化中发生基因频率的重大变化知之甚少。遗传性状变化的实证研究依赖于对潜在变化的可操作性测量，该测量反映了在稳定或反对相关性状选择的约束下，性状对给定外部选择压力的反应能力。研究人员认为，加性遗传方差以相关性状为条件，并以性状平均值的平方为尺度，即“条件IA”，是比传统测量“遗传力”更好的短期变化测量方法。“他们将使用这些新的措施来测试有关遗传限制在确定新热带藤蔓Dalechampia花朵大规模变异模式中的作用的假设。他们将结合人工选择和田间实验来记录进化的潜力和自然选择的模式。该项目将推进我们对生物体如何响应自然选择而进化的理解，并可能应用于理解植物对气候变化的反应，作物育种以及杀虫剂和耐药性的起源。该项目将培养两名博士后研究人员，一名硕士研究生和若干名本科生。它还将促进美国、挪威、英国和几个拉丁美洲国家之间的国际合作。