The Domestic Economy of El Palmillo

埃尔帕米略的国内经济

• 批准号: 0349668
• 负责人: Gary Feinman
• 金额: $ 7.26万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-15 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0349668&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Domestic; Economy; El; Palmillo

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Gary Feinman and collaborators will continue their decade-long effort to unravel the nature of economic relations and social stratification for the Classic-period (ca. A.D. 200-800) Monte Alban state in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico through the excavation and in-depth study of ancient houses. Two seasons of fieldwork and analysis are planned for the hilltop terrace site of El Palmillo, where a cross-section of houses and their immediate surrounds, positioned on human-made residential terraces, have previously been examined. Prior excavations have illustrated how this elevated site was a long-occupied town (and not a fortress) and how specific households varied in their economic activities and access to a range of local and exotic goods. The six-year investigation at El Palmillo began near the base of the site, exposing domestic units at the lower end of the societal pyramid. Subsequently, the Field Museum team has worked its way up the hill excavating houses in several locations. In 2003, an elaborate palace-like residence was partially exposed at the top of the hill. This long-inhabited and frequently rebuilt residence was associated with a well-made, subsurface, masonry tomb that included individuals who bore the physical manifestations (dental mutilations) of high status. This tomb was one of the most elaborate, intact tombs discovered and excavated outside of the regional center of Monte Alban. Yet the artifactual assemblage from the tomb and this elaborate residence was different, although not markedly so, from what was observed in association with more modest houses below. In addition, unlike lower terraces where stone and fiber working were evidenced, there were no clear vestiges of economic/craft activities in association with this palace-like structure. The current project is aimed at completing the excavation of this palace structure. By exposing a second patio and adjacent rooms of this residence, the excavation endeavors to gain a better understanding of how this household made a living, and also more completely gauge the kinds and quantities of goods and materials that the occupants of this residence had access to. The gathering of these data will permit a fuller and more accurate assessment of similarities and differences in production, consumption, and economic stratification between the residents who lived in this dwelling at the apex of the hill and the inhabitants of other domestic units at the site. At the same time, these data will be compared to house excavations that have been conducted at Monte Alban and other contemporaneous settlements in the Valley of Oaxaca to assess the nature of economic activities and variations in wealth and well-being across the Classic-period Monte Alban polity.This investigation will sharpen our understanding of the economic and status relations that underpinned ancient Monte Alban, one of Mesoamerica's earliest urban centers and longest standing capitals. Extant arguments postulate two- and three-class divisions for Classic-period Oaxaca. Yet socioeconomic distinctions also may have been more multi-dimensional and continuous (rather than stepped). More broadly, this investigation also will help re-focus the archaeological study of ancient states on economic relations, and specifically domestic economies where most pre-industrial production occurred. At the same time, this project will continue its commitment to the training and integration of qualified graduate and undergraduate students. Key findings will be disseminated through a range of public and scientific venues in English and Spanish, including several museum programs that bring science directly and personally from the field to diverse public audiences.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Gary Feinman博士及其合作者将继续他们长达十年的努力，通过对古房屋的挖掘和深入研究，揭开古典时期(约公元200-800年)墨西哥瓦哈卡谷蒙特阿尔班州的经济关系和社会分层的本质。El Palmilo的山顶露台场地计划进行两个季节的实地考察和分析，此前曾对位于人造住宅露台上的房屋及其周围的横截面进行了检查。先前的发掘表明，这座高架遗址是一个长期被占领的城镇(而不是堡垒)，以及具体的家庭在经济活动和获得一系列当地和外来商品方面是如何不同的。在El Palmilo进行的为期六年的调查始于遗址底部附近，暴露了处于社会金字塔低端的家庭单位。随后，菲尔德博物馆团队一路上山，在几个地点挖掘房屋。2003年，一座精致的宫殿般的住宅部分暴露在山顶上。这座长期有人居住、经常重建的住宅与一座制作精良的地下砖石坟墓有关，其中包括一些具有高贵地位的人的身体表现(牙齿残缺)。这座陵墓是在蒙特阿尔班地区中心外发现和挖掘的最精致、最完整的坟墓之一。然而，墓穴和这座精致的住宅的人工组装与人们观察到的与下面更普通的房屋相关的东西是不同的，尽管不是很明显。此外，与较低的梯田不同，那里有明显的石材和纤维加工，没有明显的经济/工艺活动与这座宫殿般的建筑相关的痕迹。目前的项目旨在完成这座宫殿结构的挖掘。通过暴露这座住宅的第二个露台和相邻的房间，发掘工作旨在更好地了解这户人家是如何谋生的，也更全面地衡量这座住宅的居住者可以接触到的商品和材料的种类和数量。这些数据的收集将允许更全面和更准确地评估居住在山顶这座住宅的居民和现场其他住宅单元的居民在生产、消费和经济分层方面的异同。与此同时，这些数据将与蒙特阿尔班和瓦哈卡谷其他同时代定居点进行的房屋挖掘进行比较，以评估古典时期蒙特阿尔班政治时期经济活动的性质以及财富和福祉的变化。这项调查将加深我们对支撑古代蒙特阿尔班的经济和地位关系的理解。蒙特阿尔班是中美洲最早的城市中心和历史最悠久的首都之一。现存的争论假设了古典时期瓦哈卡的两级和三级划分。然而，社会经济差异也可能是更加多维和连续的(而不是阶梯式的)。更广泛地说，这项调查还将有助于重新将考古研究的重点放在古代国家的经济关系上，特别是大多数前工业化生产发生在国内经济上。同时，该项目将继续致力于培养和融合合格的研究生和本科生。关键发现将通过一系列英语和西班牙语的公共和科学场所传播，包括几个将科学直接和亲自从该领域带给不同公众观众的博物馆项目。