Inventing Chemistry: Herman Boerhaave and the Pedagogical Reform of the Chemical Arts

发明化学：赫尔曼·布尔哈夫和化学艺术的教学改革

• 批准号: 0350017
• 负责人: John Powers
• 金额: $ 6.89万
• 依托单位: Powers John C
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fixed Amount Award
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0350017&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Inventing; Chemistry; Herman; Boerhaave; Pedagogical

This project explores the role of university pedagogy in the development of chemistry into an academic discipline. The project consists of a historical case study on the Dutch medical and chemical professor, Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738), and his efforts to reform the teaching of chemistry at Leiden University. It examines how Boerhaave established chemistry as a university subject by successfully integrating it into the curriculum of the Leiden medical faculty as part of his general reform of medical education. This process of integration required the re-structuring and re-interpretation of various practices and concepts from diverse chemical traditions in order to shape them into a chemical course which conformed to the pedagogical and philosophical norms of Leiden's medical faculty as well as presenting himself and his work in a manner which would enlist the support of the Leiden University curators and Dutch religious community. The P.I. will base his account largely on manuscript materials found in Boerhaave's papers currently held at the Military Medicine Academy in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. This project will make a significant contribution to the history of chemistry by suggesting an alternate view regarding the institutional and disciplinary development of the field and add to the debates on the relationship between chemistry and alchemy and chemistry and medicine. The project also presents a strong case for the importance of the university, especially in the Dutch Republic, in the development and spread of new empirical and experimental natural philosophies during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Finally, with regard to its wider significance for science and society, the project will enhance the growing interest in science pedagogy among scientists and STS scholars, especially regarding the changing status of pedagogical work over time and the uses of pedagogy to promote disciplinary reforms and philosophical agendas.

这个项目探讨了大学教育学在化学发展成为一门学科中的作用。 该项目包括对荷兰医学和化学教授赫尔曼·布尔哈夫（1668-1738）的历史案例研究，以及他对莱顿大学化学教学的改革。 它探讨了如何建立Boerhaave化学作为一个大学的主题，成功地将其整合到莱顿医学院的课程，作为他的医学教育的一般改革的一部分。 这一整合过程需要重新构建和重新解释各种做法和概念，从不同的化学传统，以塑造他们成为一个化学课程，符合教学法和哲学规范的莱顿医学院，以及介绍自己和他的工作的方式，这将争取支持莱顿大学馆长和荷兰宗教界。 私家侦探他的叙述将主要基于布尔哈夫论文中的手稿材料，这些材料目前保存在俄罗斯圣彼得堡的军事医学学院。 该项目将对化学史做出重大贡献，提出关于该领域的制度和学科发展的另一种观点，并增加关于化学与炼金术和化学与医学之间关系的辩论。 该项目还提出了一个强有力的情况下，大学的重要性，特别是在荷兰共和国，在发展和传播新的经验和实验自然哲学在17世纪末和18世纪初。 最后，关于其对科学和社会的更广泛意义，该项目将提高科学家和STS学者对科学教学法日益增长的兴趣，特别是关于教学工作随着时间的推移而不断变化的地位以及利用教学法促进学科改革和哲学议程。