Collaborative Research: Tracking Larval Invertebrate Dispersal Trajectories Using Calcified Structures

Zacherl-0351860：合作研究：使用钙化结构跟踪幼虫无脊椎动物的扩散轨迹。许多海洋物种产生的远洋幼虫可以被洋流带离它们的出生地。对海洋生物学家来说，预测它们的目的地一直是最重要的挑战之一。幼虫的游动行为、复杂的海洋环流动力学和远洋持续时间的变异性之间的潜在相互作用，使得预测幼虫进入成虫栖息地的来源变得困难。然而，查明新招募人员的出生来源对于了解种群动态以及设计有效的海洋保护区网络具有重大影响。大多数人工标记和重新捕获微小幼虫以确定潜在来源种群的尝试都遭遇了较低的重新捕获率。然而，鱼类生物学家已经成功地利用耳石作为环境诱导的自然标签来检查某些系统中鱼类种群之间的交换。尽管迫切需要了解无脊椎动物幼虫的扩散轨迹，但生态学家对无脊椎动物幼虫硬部分类似的环境诱导标签关注较少。无脊椎动物生态学家直到最近才展示了使用软体动物雕像和原贝壳的元素组成作为出生起源标签的可能性。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究有效地使用这一工具来确定任何海洋无脊椎动物招募的出生来源。该项目将在最近招募的Kelletia kelletii幼虫的状态石上使用环境诱导的标签来检查该物种范围内不同区域之间的幼虫交换。将利用激光烧蚀电感耦合质谱仪分离出石像和原贝壳的出生部分，并分析其化学成分。典型判别分析和最大似然度量将与在潜在来源位置收集的幼虫样本进行参数化，并可用于将招募的样本分配到可能的来源位置。可以通过适当的验证工作来确认出生分配的可能准确性，该工作解决了海洋化学的空间和时间变化的程度。学术价值：该项目将对海洋生态和保护领域作出重大贡献，同时促进未被充分代表的群体参与科学。贡献包括开发一种追踪海洋无脊椎动物幼虫幼虫扩散轨迹的新工具，鼓励妇女和少数群体参与科学研究(在本科生、研究生和教员层面)，以及促进硕士授予机构(占63%的少数族裔学生)的初级教员与博士授予机构的知名教授之间的合作。总体而言，该项目将为本科生提供宝贵的研究经验，促进少数人参与科学，为未来的教师提供有价值的培训，并在海洋生态领域取得重大进展。[2004年1月21日J.Pawlik编辑]

Zacherl - 0351860: Collaborative research: Tracking larval invertebrate dispersal trajectories using calcified structures. Many marine species produce pelagic larvae that can be advected away from their natal source by oceanic currents. Predicting their destination has been one of the foremost challenges for marine biologists. The potential interactions among larval swimming behaviors, complex ocean circulation dynamics, and variability in pelagic duration make it difficult to predict the sources of larvae settling into adult habitat. Yet, identification of the natal source of incoming recruits has tremendous consequences for understanding population dynamics as well as for the design of effective marine reserve networks. Most attempts to artificially tag and recapture microscopic larvae to identify potential source populations have suffered from poor recapture rates. However, fish biologists have successfully exploited otoliths as environmentally induced natural tags to examine exchange among fish populations in some systems. Despite pressing needs to also understand the dispersal trajectories of invertebrate larvae, ecologists have paid less attention to analogous environmentally induced tags in larval invertebrate hard parts. Invertebrate ecologists only recently demonstrated the potential to use the elemental composition of molluscan statoliths and protoconchs as tags of natal origin. However, to date, no study has effectively used this tool to identify the natal source of any marine invertebrate recruit. This project will use environmentally induced tags in the statoliths of recently recruited Kelletia kelletii whelks to examine exchange of larvae among distinct regions of this species range. The natal portions of statoliths and protoconchs will be isolated and analyzed for their chemical composition using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Canonical discriminant analysis and maximum likelihood measures will be parameterized with larval samples collected at potential source locations and can be used to assign the recruit samples to likely source locations. The likely accuracy of the natal assignments can be confirmed with the appropriate validation work that addresses the extent of spatial and temporal variations in ocean chemistry. Intellectual merit: This project will make major contributions to the fields of marine ecology and conservation while simultaneously promoting the participation of underrepresented groups in science. Contributions include the advancement of a new tool to track larval dispersal trajectories of marine invertebrate larvae, encouraging participation by women and minorities in science (at the undergraduate, graduate and faculty levels), and fostering collaboration between a junior faculty member at a masters granting institution (with 63% minority student body) with well-established professors at a PhD granting institution. Overall this project will provide valuable research experience to undergraduates, foster minority participation in science, provide valuable training for future teachers, and make a significant advancement in the field of marine ecology. [edited 21 Jan 04, J. Pawlik]