Collaborative Research: Tracking Larval Invertebrate Dispersal Trajectories Using Calcified Structures

Zacherl - 0351860：合作研究：使用钙化结构跟踪幼虫无脊椎动物的传播轨迹。许多海洋物种产生的浮游幼虫可被洋流平流带离其纳塔尔地。 预测它们的目的地一直是海洋生物学家面临的最大挑战之一。幼虫的游泳行为，复杂的海洋环流动力学和浮游持续时间的变化之间的潜在的相互作用，很难预测的来源，幼虫解决成人栖息地。然而，确定纳塔尔来源传入新兵有巨大的影响，了解人口动态，以及有效的海洋保护区网络的设计。 大多数人工标记和重新捕获微小幼虫以确定潜在源种群的尝试都遭受了重新捕获率低的问题。 然而，鱼类生物学家已经成功地利用耳石作为环境诱导的天然标签，以检查在某些系统中的鱼类种群之间的交换。尽管迫切需要了解无脊椎动物幼虫的传播轨迹，生态学家很少关注类似的环境诱导标签在幼虫无脊椎动物的硬部分。无脊椎动物生态学家直到最近才证明了利用软体动物的耳石和原螺的元素组成作为纳塔尔起源的标记的潜力。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究有效地利用这一工具来确定任何海洋无脊椎动物新兵的纳塔尔来源。 该项目将使用环境诱导的标签在最近招募的Kelletia kelletii海螺的平衡石，以检查该物种范围的不同区域之间的幼虫交换。 耳石和原贝壳的纳塔尔部分将被分离，并使用激光烧蚀电感耦合质谱法分析其化学成分。 典型判别分析和最大似然测量将使用在潜在来源位置收集的幼虫样本进行参数化，并可用于将补充样本分配到可能的来源位置。可以通过适当的验证工作来确定海洋化学的空间和时间变化程度，从而确认纳塔尔分配的可能准确性。 智力优点：该项目将对海洋生态和养护领域作出重大贡献，同时促进代表性不足的群体参与科学。贡献包括一个新的工具，以跟踪海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的幼虫传播轨迹的进步，鼓励妇女和少数民族参与科学（在本科生，研究生和教师的水平），并促进初级教师之间的合作在硕士授予机构（与63%的少数民族学生）与知名教授在博士授予机构。总体而言，该项目将为本科生提供宝贵的研究经验，促进少数民族参与科学，为未来的教师提供宝贵的培训，并在海洋生态学领域取得重大进展。[编辑于2004年1月21日，J. Pawlik]

Zacherl - 0351860: Collaborative research: Tracking larval invertebrate dispersal trajectories using calcified structures. Many marine species produce pelagic larvae that can be advected away from their natal source by oceanic currents. Predicting their destination has been one of the foremost challenges for marine biologists. The potential interactions among larval swimming behaviors, complex ocean circulation dynamics, and variability in pelagic duration make it difficult to predict the sources of larvae settling into adult habitat. Yet, identification of the natal source of incoming recruits has tremendous consequences for understanding population dynamics as well as for the design of effective marine reserve networks. Most attempts to artificially tag and recapture microscopic larvae to identify potential source populations have suffered from poor recapture rates. However, fish biologists have successfully exploited otoliths as environmentally induced natural tags to examine exchange among fish populations in some systems. Despite pressing needs to also understand the dispersal trajectories of invertebrate larvae, ecologists have paid less attention to analogous environmentally induced tags in larval invertebrate hard parts. Invertebrate ecologists only recently demonstrated the potential to use the elemental composition of molluscan statoliths and protoconchs as tags of natal origin. However, to date, no study has effectively used this tool to identify the natal source of any marine invertebrate recruit. This project will use environmentally induced tags in the statoliths of recently recruited Kelletia kelletii whelks to examine exchange of larvae among distinct regions of this species range. The natal portions of statoliths and protoconchs will be isolated and analyzed for their chemical composition using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Canonical discriminant analysis and maximum likelihood measures will be parameterized with larval samples collected at potential source locations and can be used to assign the recruit samples to likely source locations. The likely accuracy of the natal assignments can be confirmed with the appropriate validation work that addresses the extent of spatial and temporal variations in ocean chemistry. Intellectual merit: This project will make major contributions to the fields of marine ecology and conservation while simultaneously promoting the participation of underrepresented groups in science. Contributions include the advancement of a new tool to track larval dispersal trajectories of marine invertebrate larvae, encouraging participation by women and minorities in science (at the undergraduate, graduate and faculty levels), and fostering collaboration between a junior faculty member at a masters granting institution (with 63% minority student body) with well-established professors at a PhD granting institution. Overall this project will provide valuable research experience to undergraduates, foster minority participation in science, provide valuable training for future teachers, and make a significant advancement in the field of marine ecology. [edited 21 Jan 04, J. Pawlik]