Collaborative Research: Tracking Larval Invertebrate Dispersal Trajectories Using Calcified Structures

合作研究：利用钙化结构跟踪无脊椎动物幼虫的扩散轨迹。许多海洋物种产生的远洋幼虫可以被洋流平流带离它们的出生地。预测它们的目的地一直是海洋生物学家面临的最大挑战之一。幼虫的游泳行为、复杂的海洋环流动力学和远洋持续时间的变化之间的潜在相互作用使得幼虫进入成虫栖息地的来源难以预测。然而，确定新成员的出生来源对于了解种群动态以及设计有效的海洋保护区网络具有巨大的影响。大多数人工标记和重新捕获微小幼虫以确定潜在源种群的尝试都遭受了低的重新捕获率。然而，鱼类生物学家已经成功地利用耳石作为环境诱导的天然标签来检查某些系统中鱼类种群之间的交换。尽管迫切需要了解无脊椎动物幼虫的传播轨迹，但生态学家对无脊椎动物幼虫坚硬部位类似的环境诱导标签的关注较少。直到最近，无脊椎动物学家才展示了利用软体动物静石和原海螺的元素组成作为出生起源标记的潜力。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究有效地使用这种工具来确定任何海洋无脊椎动物的出生来源。本项目将使用环境诱导标签在新招募的海螺的石碑上，以检查该物种范围内不同区域的幼虫交换情况。本文将利用激光烧蚀电感耦合质谱法对静纹岩和原海螺的出生部分进行分离和化学成分分析。典型判别分析和最大似然测量将与在潜在源位置收集的幼虫样本参数化，并可用于将招募样本分配到可能的源位置。出生分配的可能准确性可以通过适当的验证工作加以确认，该工作涉及海洋化学的时空变化程度。知识价值：该项目将对海洋生态和保护领域做出重大贡献，同时促进代表性不足的群体参与科学。贡献包括开发了一种追踪海洋无脊椎动物幼虫传播轨迹的新工具，鼓励女性和少数民族参与科学（在本科、研究生和教师层面），促进硕士学位授予机构的初级教员（63%的少数民族学生）与博士学位授予机构的知名教授之间的合作。总体而言，该项目将为本科生提供宝贵的研究经验，促进少数民族参与科学，为未来的教师提供宝贵的培训，并在海洋生态学领域取得重大进展。[2004年1月21日编辑，J. Pawlik]

Zacherl - 0351860: Collaborative research: Tracking larval invertebrate dispersal trajectories using calcified structures. Many marine species produce pelagic larvae that can be advected away from their natal source by oceanic currents. Predicting their destination has been one of the foremost challenges for marine biologists. The potential interactions among larval swimming behaviors, complex ocean circulation dynamics, and variability in pelagic duration make it difficult to predict the sources of larvae settling into adult habitat. Yet, identification of the natal source of incoming recruits has tremendous consequences for understanding population dynamics as well as for the design of effective marine reserve networks. Most attempts to artificially tag and recapture microscopic larvae to identify potential source populations have suffered from poor recapture rates. However, fish biologists have successfully exploited otoliths as environmentally induced natural tags to examine exchange among fish populations in some systems. Despite pressing needs to also understand the dispersal trajectories of invertebrate larvae, ecologists have paid less attention to analogous environmentally induced tags in larval invertebrate hard parts. Invertebrate ecologists only recently demonstrated the potential to use the elemental composition of molluscan statoliths and protoconchs as tags of natal origin. However, to date, no study has effectively used this tool to identify the natal source of any marine invertebrate recruit. This project will use environmentally induced tags in the statoliths of recently recruited Kelletia kelletii whelks to examine exchange of larvae among distinct regions of this species range. The natal portions of statoliths and protoconchs will be isolated and analyzed for their chemical composition using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Canonical discriminant analysis and maximum likelihood measures will be parameterized with larval samples collected at potential source locations and can be used to assign the recruit samples to likely source locations. The likely accuracy of the natal assignments can be confirmed with the appropriate validation work that addresses the extent of spatial and temporal variations in ocean chemistry. Intellectual merit: This project will make major contributions to the fields of marine ecology and conservation while simultaneously promoting the participation of underrepresented groups in science. Contributions include the advancement of a new tool to track larval dispersal trajectories of marine invertebrate larvae, encouraging participation by women and minorities in science (at the undergraduate, graduate and faculty levels), and fostering collaboration between a junior faculty member at a masters granting institution (with 63% minority student body) with well-established professors at a PhD granting institution. Overall this project will provide valuable research experience to undergraduates, foster minority participation in science, provide valuable training for future teachers, and make a significant advancement in the field of marine ecology. [edited 21 Jan 04, J. Pawlik]