Experimental Studies of Fundamental Symmetries

基本对称性的实验研究

• 批准号: 0354761
• 负责人: Paul Grannis
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-15 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0354761&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Fundamental; Symmetries

The proposed research at the State University of New York at Stony Brook aims to provide new understanding of the underlying causes for the symmetry breaking in the fundamental interactions of nature. The electromagnetic and weak interactions, though unified in phenomena at high energies and in the first moments after the Big Bang, appear at lower energies to be quite distinct. The Standard Model of fundamental interactions and constituents of matter builds in this symmetry breaking through the Higgs boson. One strand of the proposed research is the search for the Higgs boson. Another strand of the proposed studies seeks evidence for phenomena that will show how the Standard Model is modified, and help illuminate the more comprehensive theory. These aspects of symmetry breaking will be explored through work in the D0 (at Fermilab) and ATLAS (at CERN) experiments. The proposal also outlines a new participation in the KOPIO experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, aimed at the measurement of a rare neutral kaon decay (to a neutral pion, neutrino and anti-neutrino). This would not occur unless there were a lack of symmetry between our world and one in which particles are replaced by antiparticles and viewed in a mirror (CP symmetry). The observation of a deviation from the value predicted by the Standard Model will signal that new non-standard mechanisms are at play in CP-violation, and should aid in understanding the origin of the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe. The broader impact of the research will occur at several levels: (a) Understanding how matter is constructed and how the forces of nature shape it into the myriad observed forms is a long standing question that resonates with scientists and non-scientists alike; (b) The research program poses a set of questions through which students and postdoctoral fellows will learn not only to frame crisp tests of the fundamental construction of matter, but also to devise innovative methods and tools for conducting them. Attacking such problems provides the rigorously educated young people that our society desperately needs; and (c) the proposal includes elements of outreach to the broader community.

纽约州立大学石溪分校拟议的研究旨在为自然基本相互作用中对称性破缺的根本原因提供新的理解。电磁相互作用和弱相互作用虽然在高能量和大爆炸后的最初时刻在现象中统一，但在较低能量下显得相当不同。基本相互作用和物质成分的标准模型建立在突破希格斯玻色子的对称性之上。拟议的研究之一是寻找希格斯玻色子。拟议研究的另一部分寻求现象的证据，这些现象将显示标准模型是如何修改的，并有助于阐明更全面的理论。对称性破缺的这些方面将通过 D0（费米实验室）和 ATLAS（欧洲核子研究中心）实验进行探索。该提案还概述了布鲁克海文国家实验室 KOPIO 实验的新参与，旨在测量罕见的中性 kaon 衰变（形成中性介子、中微子和反中微子）。除非我们的世界与粒子被反粒子取代并在镜子中观察的世界之间缺乏对称性（CP对称性），否则这种情况不会发生。观察到与标准模型预测值的偏差将表明新的非标准机制在 CP 破坏中发挥作用，并且应该有助于理解宇宙中物质和反物质之间不对称性的起源。这项研究将在几个层面产生更广泛的影响： (a) 了解物质是如何构成的以及自然力量如何将其塑造成无数可观察到的形式，这是一个长期存在的问题，引起了科学家和非科学家的共鸣； (b) 该研究计划提出了一系列问题，通过这些问题，学生和博士后研究员不仅可以学习如何构建对物质基本结构的清晰测试，还可以设计出进行这些测试的创新方法和工具。解决这些问题可以为我们的社会提供急需的受过严格教育的年轻人； (c) 该提案包括向更广泛的社区推广的内容。