Collaborative Research: Episodic, ENSO-Orchestrated Carbon Sequestration in Amazonian River Basins by Erosion-Sedimentation Processes

合作研究：亚马逊河流域通过侵蚀-沉积过程间歇性、ENSO 精心安排的碳封存

• 批准号: 0403722
• 负责人: David Montgomery
• 金额: $ 23.9万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0403722&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Episodic; ENSO; Orchestrated

0403722MontgomeryThis interdisciplinary group proposal addresses a three-step process that could represent a major carbon sink in Amazonian foreland basins. Stated as hypotheses, the proposal suggests: 1) extensiveAndean hillslope failure and channel migration during large La Nina associated storms mobilizes vast quantities of fresh organic matter and sediment with low organic carbon (OC) content ; 2) within theriver, mineral surfaces acquire normal OC loadings via sorption as they are rapidly evacuated from the mountainous source basins to adjacent foreland depocenters; and 3) deposited sediments preserve "fresh"carbon within organo-mineral complexes and by deep burial in point bars and "crevasse-splay" deposits that have little potential for exchange with the biosphere and atmosphere. Calculations presented in theProject Description (C.1.2) suggest that this process could sequester ~ 300 Mtonnes of carbon per event in the Amazonian foreland. When extrapolated globally to other humid tropical regions, these estimates areequivalent to 50-100% of the average annual "missing carbon sink" or 50-100% of atmospheric CO2 anomalies typically observed during La Nina.To explore these hypothesis, proposers will study 1) the rates and mechanics of sediment mobilization, transport, and deposition of river sediment during extreme events, 2) the associations oforganic carbon with sediments at erosional and depositional sites, and 3) the transfer of OC from rapid (5 y) to slower (50 y) turnover pools, via sorption and deep burial processes. We will employ a combination of GIS analysis of satellite images to map changes associated with individual large storms(hillslope failures and river migration); field surveys of sediment transport processes; and laboratory analysis of archived and newly collected samples to determine organic carbon concentrations, sources andturnover times; sediment characteristics; and transport/deposition timing and rates (geochronology). The proposed project is a collaborative, multi-disciplinary, multi-national research effort that builds upon a record of prior and current NSF-funded results of decadal-scale sediment fluxes and organiccarbon dynamics within river basins of the Amazon. In close coordination with sediment-flux, geochronological, geochemical, and process-mapping (GIS) studies conducted by scientists from Univ. of Washington, scientists at Stroud Water Research Center and Univ. of California Davis will investigate thequantities, sources, and sequestration of organic carbon mobilized during by these geomorphological processes. In addition, this project benefits from a close working collaboration with the French Institut deRecherche pour le Developpement (IRD), with whom we will conduct fieldwork in the Andes and foreland basins of Bolivia and Peru during both the dry and wet seasons. Additional collaborations arewith the Univ. Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) and the Univ. of California Santa Barabara. These continuing international collaborations offer considerable scientific and logistical advantages and costsavings for this current proposal to study the carbon transported and deposited by extreme storm events. If this research effort substantiates the primary hypothesis, such continental-scale, climate-driven,erosion-sedimentation processes will be demonstrated to represent substantial, previously unrecognized natural carbon sinks of global significance. Furthermore, these processes could potentially result in thesequestration of similar quantities of carbon by anthropogenically accelerated erosion-sedimentation. Additionally, this research benefits anyone interested in the geochemical processes of organic carbonpreservation in sediment and soils or the timing/rates/mechanics of landsliding, sediment transport, channel-floodplain interaction, and sedimentary basin dynamics during extreme, ENSO-orchestratedfloods. The strong bridging between the disciplines of geomorphology, biogeochemistry and organic geochemistry has broader impacts on earth science as a whole, by offering new perspectives that will facilitate the development of new geochemical and GIS techniques. Enhanced collaboration with IRDsupports a productive and visible international, interdisciplinary scientific partnership. For example, our previous collaborative research with IRD resulted in new understandings of mercury contamination dynamics within riparian food sources to indigenous human populations. The PIs have a record of publicoutreach, and this project will generate data products useful to educators and researchers, including our own teaching and public presentations to both scientists and general audiences. Furthermore, this will provide valuable research experience to many undergraduate and some graduate students in the USA and South America, including funds for these students to publish and present results at meetings." VMATHIS PFRM1036 04/20/2004 14:26:40:33 1

0403722MONTGOMERY这项跨学科小组提案解决了一个三步过程，该过程可能代表亚马逊前陆盆地的主要碳汇。该提案建议：1）大型La Nina相关风暴期间的扩展山坡失败和通道迁移，动员了大量的新鲜有机物和沉积物，有机碳（OC）含量低； 2）在治疗方中，矿物质表面通过吸附获得正常的OC载荷，因为它们迅速从山区源流域撤离到邻近的前陆居民； 3）沉积沉积物在有机矿物络合物中保存“新鲜”碳，并通过对点棒的深葬和“裂隙式播放”沉积物，这些沉积物几乎没有与生物圈和大气交换的潜力。 Promaind Description（C.1.2）中提出的计算表明，在亚马逊前陆中，每个事件的碳含量约为300块。 When extrapolated globally to other humid tropical regions, these estimates areequivalent to 50-100% of the average annual "missing carbon sink" or 50-100% of atmospheric CO2 anomalies typically observed during La Nina.To explore these hypothesis, proposers will study 1) the rates and mechanics of sediment mobilization, transport, and deposition of river sediment during extreme events, 2) the associations oforganic carbon with sediments在侵蚀和沉积部位，以及3）通过吸附和深层埋葬过程将OC从快速（5 y）转移到较慢（50 y）的失误池。我们将使用对卫星图像的GIS分析的组合来绘制与单个大风暴（Hillslope失败和河流迁移）相关的变化；沉积物运输过程的现场调查；以及存档和新收集的样品的实验室分析，以确定有机碳的浓度，来源和变化时间；沉积物特征；以及运输/沉积时间和速率（年代学）。拟议的项目是一项合作，多学科的跨国研究工作，基于记录的历史记录，并在亚马逊河流域内的十年级沉积物通量和有机碳动力学的记录记录。与沉积物 - 升华，地质学，地球化学和过程映射（GIS）研究密切协调，来自大学的科学家进行了研究。华盛顿，斯特劳德水研究中心和大学的科学家。加利福尼亚戴维斯（California Davis）将研究这些地貌过程中动员的有机碳的神学，来源和隔离。此外，该项目受益于与法国Derecherche Poul Le Development（IRD）的密切合作，我们将在两个干旱和潮湿的季节与玻利维亚和秘鲁的安第斯山脉和前陆盆地进行实地调查。其他合作是大学。 Nacional Agraria la Molina（UNALM）和大学。加利福尼亚州圣巴拉巴拉。这些持续的国际合作为这项当前的建议提供了可观的科学和后勤优势和成本，以研究极端风暴事件运输和存放的碳。如果这项研究工作证实了主要的假设，则将证明这种大陆规模，气候驱动的侵蚀过程将代表具有全球意义的实质性，以前未识别的天然碳汇。此外，这些过程可能会导致通过人为加速的侵蚀 - 侵蚀量导致相似数量的碳的次数。此外，这项研究使任何对沉积物和土壤中有机碳化的地球化学过程感兴趣的人，或在极端，enso-orchestratedFloods期间，陆滑，沉积物运输，通道泛滥相互作用和沉积盆地动态的时间/速率/力学。通过提供新的观点，可以促进新的地球化学和GIS技术的发展，从而对整个地球科学产生了更广泛的影响，从而对整个地球科学产生了更广泛的影响。与IRDSuptrats的合作增强了一项富有成效且可见的国际跨学科科学伙伴关系。例如，我们以前与IRD的合作研究导致对土著人口中河岸食品源中的汞污染动力学的新理解。 PI有公众搜索的记录，该项目将生成对教育者和研究人员有用的数据产品，包括我们对科学家和一般受众的教学和公开演讲。此外，这将为美国和南美洲的许多本科生和一些研究生提供宝贵的研究经验，包括这些学生在会议上发布和介绍结果的资金。