Structure and Solubility of H2O and Silicate in Silicate Melts and Aqueous Fluids in the Earth's Deep Crust and Upper Mantle

地球深地壳和上地幔硅酸盐熔体和水流体中H2O和硅酸盐的结构和溶解度

• 批准号: 0405383
• 负责人: Bjorn Mysen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Carnegie Institution of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0405383&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Structure; Solubility; H2O; Silicate; Melts

Energy and mass transfer processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets involve melting, crystallization, hydration, and dehydration at high temperature and pressure. These processes control materials recycling near convergent plate boundaries, govern lithosphere destruction and creation, often are responsible for volcanic and seismic hazards, and impact on distribution and availability of economic and energy resources in the Earth. Water-rich magmatic liquids (silicate melts) and silicate-rich aqueous fluids play central roles in these processes. In order to characterize these processes, experimental data will be obtained of silicate and H2O solubility in aqueous fluids and silicate melts, determination of their structure (in-situ while at high pressure and temperature), and modeling of solubility behavior in and physicochemical properties of silicate-rich aqueous fluids and hydrous silicate melts for compositions, temperatures, and pressures corresponding the Earth's deep crust and upper mantle. The solubility and structure data will be acquired as a function of (i) alkali metal/Si and alkaline earth/Si in simple metal oxide-silica-H2O systems, (ii) Al/(Al+Si) of aluminosilicate melts, and (iii) and the type and proportion of metal cations (K, Na, Ca, Fe, and Mg) in binary metal oxide silicate, and ternary and quaternary metal oxide aluminosilicate systems in the pressure and temperature regime of the deep crust and the upper mantle of the Earth. The proposed research program is an integral part of a broader research effort that is focused on the influence of H2O on rock-forming processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets. In addition to the application of the research to mass and energy transfer processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets, the projected experimental information also has application to the glass, ceramics, and solid and nuclear waste industry because H2O dissolved in silicate melt and glass govern properties such as durability, density, crystallization behavior, expansivity and compressibility, element diffusion, and related transport properties. Interaction between aqueous fluids and waste-containing glass depends on the same melt and glass properties.

地球和类地行星中的能量和质量传递过程涉及高温高压下的熔融、结晶、水合和脱水。这些过程控制着会聚板块边界附近的物质再循环，控制着岩石圈的破坏和创造，往往是火山和地震灾害的原因，并影响着地球上经济和能源资源的分布和可用性。富水岩浆液体（硅酸盐熔体）和富硅酸盐水流体在这些过程中发挥了核心作用。为了表征这些过程，实验数据将获得硅酸盐和水在含水流体和硅酸盐熔体中的溶解度，其结构的测定（原位，而在高压和高温下），并模拟富含硅酸盐的含水流体和含水硅酸盐熔体的组成，温度和压力对应的地球深部地壳和上地幔的溶解度行为和物理化学性质。将获得溶解度和结构数据作为（i）简单金属氧化物-二氧化硅-H2O系统中的碱金属/Si和碱土金属/Si，（ii）铝硅酸盐熔体的Al/（Al+Si），和（iii）金属阳离子的类型和比例的函数（K、Na、Ca、Fe和Mg）的二元金属氧化物硅酸盐，三、四元金属氧化物铝硅酸盐体系。拟议的研究计划是更广泛的研究工作的一个组成部分，重点是H2O对地球和类地行星岩石形成过程的影响。 除了在地球和类地行星的质量和能量传递过程的研究应用，预计的实验信息也有应用到玻璃，陶瓷，固体和核废料工业，因为水溶解在硅酸盐熔体和玻璃管属性，如耐久性，密度，结晶行为，膨胀性和压缩性，元素扩散，和相关的运输性能。含水流体和含废物的玻璃之间的相互作用取决于相同的熔体和玻璃性质。