DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Evolution of the Jaw Musculature of Archosaurs: The Transitions to the Modern Avian and Crocodilian Conditions and their Functional Implications

论文研究:祖龙下颌肌肉组织的进化:向现代鸟类和鳄鱼状况的转变及其功能意义

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0407735
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2004-06-01 至 2007-05-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Jaw musculature is an inherently important system in the vertebrate head occupying a space called the adductor chamber. Jaw muscles obviously are critical elements of the feeding apparatus, simultaneously sculpting the skull via the forces they impose on it. Likewise, these muscles occupy space in the head and so constrain the sizes and shapes of adjacent systems (e.g., eyes, ears, throat). This project analyzes evolutionary patterns of jaw musculature among archosaurs (the group of animals including birds and crocodilians today and dinosaurs, pterodactyls, and other extinct forms in the Mesozoic Era) to elucidate not only the evolution of the modern condition but also the feeding behavior and biology of dinosaurs and other extinct taxa. Fossils, however, preserve only hard parts (bones and teeth), and thus a key element of the project is to reconstruct the soft-tissue components of the adductor chamber of extinct archosaurs which will then provide a basis for functional interpretation. Hypotheses about the soft tissues in the adductor chamber will be tested in the context of the extant phylogenetic bracket (EPB) approach, whereby the modern relatives (birds, crocodilians, lizards) of the fossil group (dinosaurs, fossil crocodilians) provide information on the relationship between soft tissues and the signatures they leave on the bones. Pertinent soft tissues (muscles, tendons, nerves, arteries) will be studied in the modern animals using methods such as dissection, injection, and radiologic imaging to discover the bony signatures of the soft tissues. Fossil archosaurs will then be surveyed for these specified bony features (e.g., muscle scars, nerve foramina). CT scanning of pivotal fossil specimens will be a critical tool in that it will not only provide data on bony features surrounding the adductor chamber but also will yield 3D digital datasets from which highly accurate measurements can be made automatically and engineering tools such as finite element analysis can be implemented. Some of the specific muscular patterns studied include (1) patterns inside the adductor chamber that shed light on jaw muscle homology and function, and (2) patterns outside the adductor chamber that have bearing on the spatial and functional interactions between the jaw muscles and the nearby eye and ear. Given the continual K-12 interest in all things dinosaurian, the attention this project will attract will provide new opportunities to use dinosaurs as tools to teach about science in general, with expected venues being media outlets, school or other public appearances, and the internet.
颌骨肌肉系统是脊椎动物头部的一个固有的重要系统,占据了一个称为内收肌室的空间。下颌肌肉显然是进食装置的关键元件,同时通过它们施加在其上的力来雕刻头骨。同样,这些肌肉占据头部的空间,因此限制了相邻系统的大小和形状(例如,眼睛、耳朵、喉咙)。本项目分析了主龙类(包括今天的鸟类和鳄鱼以及中生代的恐龙、翼手龙和其他灭绝形式的动物群)的颌骨肌肉组织的进化模式,不仅阐明了现代条件的进化,还阐明了恐龙和其他灭绝类群的进食行为和生物学。然而,化石只保留了坚硬的部分(骨骼和牙齿),因此该项目的一个关键要素是重建已灭绝的祖龙的内收肌室的软组织成分,这将为功能解释提供基础。有关内收肌室中软组织的假设将在现存系统发育支架(EPB)方法的背景下进行测试,其中化石组(恐龙,化石鳄鱼)的现代亲属(鸟类,鳄鱼,蜥蜴)提供了软组织和它们在骨骼上留下的签名之间的关系的信息。将使用解剖、注射和放射成像等方法在现代动物中研究相关软组织(肌肉、肌腱、神经、动脉),以发现软组织的骨特征。然后将对这些特定的骨骼特征(例如,肌肉瘢痕、神经孔)。关键化石标本的CT扫描将是一个关键的工具,因为它不仅可以提供内收肌腔周围骨骼特征的数据,而且还可以产生3D数字数据集,从中可以自动进行高精度测量,并可以实施有限元分析等工程工具。研究的一些特定肌肉模式包括(1)内收肌室内的模式,揭示了颌骨肌肉的同源性和功能,以及(2)外收肌室外的模式,对颌骨肌肉与附近的眼睛和耳朵之间的空间和功能相互作用有影响。考虑到K-12对所有关于恐龙的事情的持续兴趣,这个项目将吸引的关注将提供新的机会,利用恐龙作为工具来教授一般的科学知识,预计场地是媒体,学校或其他公共场合,以及互联网。

项目成果

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Lawrence Witmer其他文献

Lawrence Witmer的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Lawrence Witmer', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Dinosaur Jaw Muscle Evolution and the Origins of Avian Cranial Kinesis
合作研究:恐龙下颌肌肉的进化和鸟类颅骨运动的起源
  • 批准号:
    1456503
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Toward the Visible Dinosaur: Integrating Anatomical Systems to Test Inferences of Function, Physiology, and Behavior, with Special Emphasis on Broader Impacts and Outreach
走向可见的恐龙:整合解剖系统来测试功能、生理学和行为的推论,特别强调更广泛的影响和推广
  • 批准号:
    1050154
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Brain evolution in archosaurs: new implications for scaling, function, and the evolution of the modern conditions in birds and crocodilians
古龙的大脑进化:对鸟类和鳄鱼的尺度、功能和现代条件进化的新影响
  • 批准号:
    0517257
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Ear Regions of Archosaurs: The Transition to the Modern Avian and Crocodilian Conditions and Functional Implications for Hearing and Balance in Dinosaurs
祖龙的耳区:向现代鸟类和鳄鱼条件的转变以及对恐龙听力和平衡的功能影响
  • 批准号:
    0343744
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Anatomy, Evolution, and Functional Significance of Cephalic Vasculature in Archosauria, with Special Emphasis on Birds, Crocodilians, and Nonavian Dinosaurs
论文研究:主龙类头部脉管系统的解剖学、进化和功能意义,特别强调鸟类、鳄鱼和非鸟类恐龙
  • 批准号:
    0076421
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Unusual Narial Structures in Dinosaurs and other VertebratesA Case Study in the Functional Interpretation of Anatomical Novelty in the Fossil Record
恐龙和其他脊椎动物不寻常的鼻孔结构化石记录中解剖学新颖性的功能解释案例研究
  • 批准号:
    9601174
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing grant

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