Doctoral Dissertation Research: Scarcity and Cooperation? A Social Network Analysis of Two Chilika Lake Communities in Orissa, India

博士论文研究：稀缺与合作？

• 批准号: 0413615
• 负责人: J Brosius
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0413615&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Scarcity; Cooperation

Population pressures and resource scarcity have led environmental security theorists to argue that rapid social change may trigger instability and conflict at the local level. This dissertation research by a cultural anthropologist from the University of Georgia, will explore how the presence of shrimp aquaculture in Chilika Lake - a coastal lagoon in Orissa, India - is associated with changes in access to resources and social changes within the local caste system. By exploring and comparing social networks in aquaculture and non-aquaculture sectors of the lake, this dissertation research will look at caste relations to test the thesis that resource scarcity may lead to greater cooperation at the local level. Resource scarcity may encourage cooperation because of the vested interest and competitive advantage that exists in expanding a community's resource base. Recent and historical changes in community fishing grounds will be modeled through participatory mapping exercises based on a Geographic Information System (GIS). Together with available census data, this is expected to demonstrate a shrinking resource base in the aquaculture sector of the lake. Social network data will be collected using formal and informal interviewing techniques. Photo-elicitation and specialized computer software will also be employed to model and compare personal networks based on caste and subcaste in both sectors of the lake. An increase in social interaction between members of different castes in the aquaculture sector of the lake will demonstrate the erosion of caste prohibitions and the existence of increased cooperation.The broader impact of this research is that by testing the notion that human-induced environmental scarcity necessarily leads to conflict, it will provide a model for policymakers to identify areas that may be socially segmented and conflict-prone. In addition the project materially advances the education of a young social scientist.

人口压力和资源稀缺导致环境安全理论家认为，快速的社会变革可能会引发地方层面的不稳定和冲突。 佐治亚大学文化人类学家的这篇论文研究将探讨印度奥里萨邦沿海泻湖奇利卡湖的虾养殖业与当地种姓制度内的资源获取变化和社会变化之间的关系。 通过探索和比较湖泊水产养殖和非水产养殖部门的社交网络，本论文研究将着眼于种姓关系，以检验资源稀缺可能导致地方层面更大合作的论点。 资源稀缺可能会鼓励合作，因为扩大社区的资源基础存在既得利益和竞争优势。将通过基于地理信息系统（GIS）的参与式测绘活动对社区渔场的近期和历史变化进行建模。 结合现有的人口普查数据，预计该湖水产养殖部门的资源基础正在萎缩。 将使用正式和非正式的访谈技术收集社交网络数据。照片提取和专门的计算机软件也将用于建模和比较基于湖泊两个区域的种姓和亚种姓的个人网络。 湖泊水产养殖领域不同种姓成员之间社会互动的增加将证明种姓禁令的削弱和合作的增加。这项研究更广泛的影响是，通过检验人类引起的环境稀缺必然导致冲突的概念，它将为政策制定者提供一个模型，以识别可能存在社会分裂和容易发生冲突的地区。 此外，该项目还实质性地促进了年轻社会科学家的教育。