Defects and Fluctuations in Low-Dimensional Condensed Matter

该奖项涉及凝聚态物理的理论研究，以研究低维缺陷和波动。拓扑缺陷在我们理解凝聚态物质中的许多物理现象中起着核心作用，特别是由于热或量子波动而不可能自发有序的低维系统。这些系统的状态通常以缺陷为特征，这些缺陷可能会扩散，也可能不会扩散。这项研究建议对各种低维系统进行研究，其中缺陷和/或波动起着重要作用，因为在二维中缺陷解绑定的范式- Kosterlitz-Thouless跃迁-不适用。这些研究将探索一种新的转变机制的性质和后果，当存在对称破缺场时，在低有效温度下导致缺陷的线性限制，并在更高温度下通过弦扩散机制解除限制。研究的系统将包括光学晶格中的玻色子、一维量子系统、双层量子霍尔系统和超导体薄膜。除此之外，研究将集中在量子霍尔系统中的不寻常物理。其中突出的将是对双层层间相干性的研究，它最近显示出类似于超导性的性质。量子霍尔液晶状态，特别是条纹和气泡，也将被检查。这项工作的更广泛的影响将是开发新的方法来理解低维系统，这可能对广泛的凝聚态物质和材料系统有用。此外，这项工作将与学生和博士后一起完成，并涉及分析方法和数值模拟，这将是他们专业培训的一部分。研究结果将通过出版物、研讨会和会议报告报告给物理界，如果可能的话，还将通过通俗文章、座谈会和公开报告报告给更广泛的物理界。该奖项涉及凝聚态物理的理论研究，以研究低维缺陷和波动。在比我们正常的三维世界更小的维度中，物质的物理学通常是不同的。例如，在固体表面运动的电子与在固体内部运动的电子的行为不同。本研究针对这些系统中的缺陷在低维上出现的新现象进行了研究。这些缺陷通常与凝聚系统的正常周期几何形状的变化有关。这项工作的更广泛的影响将是开发新的方法来理解低维系统，这可能对广泛的凝聚态物质和材料系统有用。此外，这项工作将与学生和博士后一起完成，并涉及分析方法和数值模拟，这将是他们专业培训的一部分。研究结果将通过出版物、研讨会和会议报告向物理界报告，并在可能的情况下通过通俗文章、座谈会和公开报告向更广泛的物理界报告

This award involves theoretical research in condensed matter physics to study defects and fluctuations in low dimensions. Topological defects play a central role in our understanding of many physical phenomena in condensed matter, particularly low-dimensional systems where spontaneous order is often not possible due to thermal or quantum fluctuations. The state of these systems is often characterized by defects which may or may not proliferate. This research suggests studies of a variety of low -dimensional systems in which defects and/or fluctuations play an important role, for situations where the paradigm of defect unbinding in two dimensions - the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition - does not apply. The studies will explore the properties and consequences of a novel transition mechanism operative when a symmetry-breaking field is present, leading at low effective temperature to linear confinement of defects, and deconfinement via a string-proliferation mechanism at higher temperature. The systems studied will include bosons in optical lattices, one-dimensional quantum systems, bilayer quantum Hall systems, and thin superconducting films.In addition to this, the research will focus on unusual physics in quantum Hall systems. Prominent among these will be studies of interlayer coherence in bilayers, which recently have shown properties akin to superconductivity. Quantum Hall liquid crystal states, especially stripes and bubbles, will also be examined.The broader impact of this work will be to develop new methods for the understanding of low-dimensional systems that may be useful in a broad array of condensed matter and materials systems. In addition, the work will be done in conjunction with students and postdocs, and involves both analytical methods and numerical simulations that will be part of their professional training. The results will be reported to the physics community through publications, seminars, and conference presentations, and, when possible, to the broader community through popular-level articles, colloquia, and public presentations.%%% This award involves theoretical research in condensed matter physics to study defects and fluctuations in low dimensions. The physics of matter in dimensions less than our normal three-dimensional world is often different. For instance, electrons moving on surfaces of solids behave differently than electrons moving in the interior of the solid. This research studies novel phenomena occurring on low-dimension having to do with defects in these systems. These defects are usually associated with a change in the normal, periodic geometry of the condensed system.The broader impact of this work will be to develop new methods for the understanding of low-dimensional systems that may be useful in a broad array of condensed matter and materials systems. In addition, the work will be done in conjunction with students and postdocs, and involves both analytical methods and numerical simulations that will be part of their professional training. The results will be reported to the physics community through publications, seminars, and conference presentations, and, when possible, to the broader community through popular-level articles, colloquia, and public presentations.***