GRASP: Parsing of Grammatical Relations for Databases of Spoken Language Interactions

该奖项支持开发一个系统，用于计算口语对话中的句法结构，特别强调亲子对话。新的系统，称为GRASP（语法关系分析自发协议），取代了传统的计算完整的解析树的语法关系的计算通过依赖结构。 目前正在对儿童语言数据交换系统数据库中的所有英语语料库采用大型类人猿生存项目。它用更可靠的自动方法取代了常用子语言配置文件（如IPSyn，DSS和LALSP）的繁琐手工计算。GRASP是能够实现显着更高的解析精度，因为它可以集中在计算的句法结构，是最相关的这些配置文件。 为了验证准确性，将大型类人猿生存项目的结果与8个实验室提供的手工编码结果进行了比较。详细分析了GRASP和手工编码结果之间的偏差，以诊断提高系统精度的方法。目前的分析器主要依赖于一个简单的统计分析器的语法关系的母亲在夏娃和萨克斯语料库在儿童的话语训练。 分析表明，即使当目标话语是儿童话语时，对母亲输入中的语法关系的训练也上级对包括儿童话语的输入的训练。 其他模块强调基于规则的语法关系构建和鲁棒性规则。这些评分配置文件的自动化使从事双语和少数民族人口、延迟说话者和听力问题儿童工作的学者和临床专业人员受益。此外，被计算的语法关系依存结构是语言习得理论的核心，如主位角色结构，绑定，相对化，补充和运动。被编码的语法关系的具体身份是通过密切关注文献中传统的重要结构和公开征求张贴在儿童语言公告板上的其他建议关系来确定的。 在巩固这些新的分析方法并使相关的儿童语言测量工具自动化之后，该项目将把结果扩展到其他语言的语言发展以及成人口语语料库。 最后的系统将通过促进对在线语料库的网上分析和打包成一个简单的桌面应用程序来传播。

This award supports the development of a system for computation of syntactic structure in spoken language conversations with a specific emphasis on parent-child conversations. The new system, called GRASP (Grammatical Relations Analysis for Spontaneous Protocols), replaces the traditional computation of full parse trees with the computation of grammatical relations linked through a dependency structure. GRASP is being applied to all the English language corpora in the CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System) database. It replaces tedious hand calculation of commonly used child language profiles such as IPSyn, DSS, and LARSP with a more reliable automatic method. GRASP is able to achieve significantly greater parsing accuracy, since it can concentrate on the computation of syntactic structures that are most relevant to these profiles. To validate accuracy, results from GRASP are compared with hand-coded results contributed by 8 laboratories. Deviations between GRASP and hand-coded results are analyzed in detail to diagnose ways to increase system accuracy. The current parser relies primarily on a simple statistical parser for grammatical relations trained on maternal utterances in the Eve and Sachs corpora in CHILDES. Analyses have shown that training on the grammatical relations in the maternal input is superior to training on inputs that include children's utterances, even when the target utterances are child utterances. Additional modules in construction emphasize rule-based grammatical relation construction and robustness rules.Automation of these scoring profiles benefits academics and clinical professionals working with bilingual and minority populations, delayed talkers, and children with hearing problems. In addition, the grammatical relation dependency structures being computed are at the core of the language acquisition theory, such as thematic role structure, binding, relativization, complementation, and movement. The specific identity of the grammatical relations being encoded was determined by paying close attention to structures of traditional importance in the literature and by an open solicitation of additional suggested relations posted to the child language bulletin board. After consolidating these new parsing methods and automating the relevant child language measurement instruments, the project will extend the results to language development in other languages, as well as to adult spoken language corpora. The final system will be disseminated by facilitating web-based analyses of online corpora and by packaging into a simple desktop application.