2004 High Pressure, Research at Gordon Conference

2004 高压，戈登会议研究

• 批准号: 0416479
• 负责人: Anastasia Chopelas
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Gordon Research Conferences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-15 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0416479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: 2004; Pressure; Research; Gordon; Conference

The High Pressure Gordon Conference has been held biannually for 49 years: itcontinues to be vital to new science developments in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry,earth/planetary science, materials and biology. It is one of the few that crosscuts a broadspectrum of topics with a unifying theme of condensing matter with pressure. Spectacularadvances are now being made in high-pressure methods for creating new materials, and forstudying physical, chemical and biological processes under high-pressure conditions: recentbreakthroughs include diffraction of light elements using neutron scattering at extremeconditions, direct measurement of thermal conductivity, acoustic velocities, and even the fulldensity of states at extreme conditions, polymerisation of molecules into new solids, creationof super-hard materials, increasing superconducting Tc to record values, formation ofunexpected incommensurate structures in metals; and advances in fundamental theoreticaldescriptions of simple molecular systems. Emerging areas include high-pressurecrystallography of hydrogen containing materials, new techniques for synchrotron/neutronstudies and ongoing development of inelastic x-ray scattering on small volumes, andunderstanding mineral physics of outer planets and stars. The 2004 GRC will feature invitedtalks in exciting new areas at the forefront of science, including shock wave techniques ofdouble shock, laser shock, and shock-spectroscopy experiments; high pressure melting andliquid structure;, super high pressure acoustic velocity measurement on metals and minerals;sampling the deep Earth with single crystal x-ray studies at record pressures; new synchrotronand neutron experiments; high-pressure superconductivity, and new metallic behaviour athigh pressure. For a vibrant and successful conference, it is essential to represent all sectorsof the field, including graduate students, post-docs and junior faculty, as well as newcomersto the high-pressure field. Diversity is also stressed, including representatives from manycountries as well as more female scientists than in past conferences. Financing participationin such a conference is an impediment to attendance by many attendees, that can not becovered by the existing GRC fund. Here we request supplementary funds to subsidize traveland conference fees, to enable participation by students and junior scientists, as well as"newcomers" to the high-pressure field, with great benefits for US and international science.Funds are being requested from two different NSF programs in approximately equal amountssince these two areas are heavily represented in the program.Broader Impacts:This conference has traditionally had few women and minorities, often less than 3%.This conference there are 3 women speakers, greater than 10% as well as a woman discussionleader and woman chair (this conference's first). There are two Hispanic speakers, but notAmerican Hispanic. It is expected that this conference will have a larger than averagenumber of women scientists, a very underrepresented group in physics, and physical sciences.Traditionally Gordon Conferences are platforms where one may bring in speculativeideas to generate discussion, hence no photographs or publishable results. However, it is herewhere inspiration to new directions and collaborations lead to new publications. The GordonConference on Research at High Pressure is only one of two conferences where thesescientists meet, the other being the biannual AIRAPT, held only in odd numbered years.This conference is extremely important for students and postdocs to attend (6 of thespeakers are students or postdoctoral scholars, an even larger number are invited posters) as itis an integral part of their education to meet the key people in the field of high pressure,discuss their work and putting their own ideas under the scrutiny of experts, and to beinspired in new directions. This is what will help generate effective new scientists.

高压戈登会议每两年举行一次，已经有49年的历史了：它对物理学、化学、地球/行星科学、材料和生物学等不同领域的新科学发展仍然至关重要。它是为数不多的几部以压缩物质与压力为统一主题的广泛主题的作品之一。目前，高压方法在制造新材料和研究高压条件下的物理、化学和生物过程方面取得了惊人的进展。最近的突破包括在极端条件下使用中子散射对轻元素进行衍射，直接测量热导率，声速，甚至在极端条件下的全密度状态，分子聚合成新固体，超硬材料的创造，增加超导Tc到记录值，金属中意想不到的不适应结构的形成；在简单分子系统的基本理论描述方面取得进展。新兴领域包括含氢材料的高压结晶学，同步加速器/中子研究的新技术，小体积非弹性x射线散射的持续发展，以及对外行星和恒星矿物物理的理解。2004年GRC将邀请在令人兴奋的前沿科学领域的新演讲，包括双重冲击，激光冲击和冲击光谱实验的冲击波技术；高压熔液结构；、金属矿物超高压声速测量；在创纪录的压力下，用单晶x射线对地球深处进行采样；新型同步加速器和中子实验；高压超导性和高压下的新金属行为。为了一个充满活力和成功的会议，必须代表该领域的所有部门，包括研究生，博士后和初级教师，以及高压领域的新手。会议还强调了多样性，包括来自许多国家的代表，以及比以往会议更多的女性科学家。为参加这样一个会议提供资金是许多与会者出席会议的一个障碍，现有的GRC基金无法弥补这一点。在这里，我们要求补充资金来补贴旅费和会议费用，使学生和初级科学家以及“新来者”能够参与到这个高压领域，为美国和国际科学界带来巨大利益。由于这两个领域在NSF项目中占很大比例，因此从两个不同的NSF项目中申请的资金数额大致相等。更广泛的影响：这个会议传统上很少有女性和少数族裔参加，通常不到3%。本次会议有3位女性演讲者，超过10%，还有一位女性讨论领袖和女性主席（这是本次会议的第一次）。有两个说西班牙语的人，但不是美国西班牙人。预计这次会议的女科学家人数将高于平均水平，这是一个在物理学和物理科学领域代表性非常不足的群体。传统上，戈登会议是一个平台，人们可以提出思考性的想法来引发讨论，因此没有照片或可发表的结果。然而，正是在这里，对新方向和合作的灵感导致了新的出版物。戈登高压研究会议只是这些科学家聚会的两个会议之一，另一个是两年一次的AIRAPT，只在奇数年举行。本次会议对学生和博士后来说是非常重要的（6位演讲者是学生或博士后学者，更多的是受邀海报），因为这是他们教育的一个组成部分，可以与高压领域的关键人物见面，讨论他们的工作，并将自己的想法置于专家的审查之下，并在新的方向上受到启发。这将有助于培养高效的新科学家。