SuperDARN Radar Investigations of Global Processes in the High-Latitude Ionosphere: Infrastructure, Community Support, and Science

该奖项支持超级双极光雷达网(SuperDARN)的运作和科学使用。SuperDARN是一个高频雷达的全球网络，提供对北半球(9个雷达)和南半球(6个雷达)的高纬度电离层的连续测量。它提供了研究太阳风的质量和能量耦合到磁层-电离层-大气系统的过程所需的电离层等离子体对流和电场的结构和动力学的中观和全球尺度的观点。来自雷达的其他有价值的测量包括中层顶附近的中性风的速度，磁层边界向电离层投射的替代指标，以及小规模电离不规则的特征。SuperDARN是一个国际合作组织，涉及10个国家的资助机构。美国的责任包括在安大略省拉布拉多鹅湾和卡普斯卡辛运营SuperDARN雷达，以及整个SuperDARN网络的数据处理和分发。美国研究界通过与获奖机构约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室(JHU/APL)的SuperDARN研究人员合作，获得了整个数据集。作为SuperDARN的创始机构，JHU/APL对整个合作过程进行监督和管理。JHU/APL团队负责开发和分发SuperDARN雷达的核心操作软件以及大部分分析软件。JHU/APL还负责收集来自北方和澳大利亚雷达的数据，以便随后进行DVD生产。JHU/APL为支持SuperDARN设施而开展的活动包括社区支助和研究职能。更广泛的社区通过各种手段支持其使用SuperDARN数据，包括通过专门的网站分发数据和JHU/APL工作人员的亲自参与。JHU/APL小组的研究方案包括电离层对流对国际货币基金组织变化的响应、实现电离层电场的空间气象能力以及电离层和磁层之间对流的磁共轭。将研究的其他议题包括大气焦耳加热的全球测定、中间层行星波的特征以及与美国国家科学基金会高级模块非相干散射雷达的合作研究。计划建造的额外SuperDARN雷达将扩大现有的高纬度链，并将覆盖范围扩大到极冠和中纬度地区，有望显著增加数据的供应，以解决日地连接研究中的关键问题。

This award supports the operation and scientific use of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). SuperDARN is a global network of HF radars that provide continuous measurements of the high-latitude ionosphere in both the northern (9 radars) and southern (6 radars) hemispheres. It provides the meso- and global-scale views of the structure and dynamics of ionospheric plasma convection and electric fields that are needed to study the processes that couple mass and energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system. Other valuable measurements from the radars include the velocity of the neutral winds near the mesopause, proxies for the projection of magnetospheric boundaries into the ionosphere, and the characteristics of small-scale ionization irregularities. SuperDARN is an international collaboration involving the funding agencies of ten countries. The U. S. responsibility includes the operation of the SuperDARN radars at Goose Bay, Labrador and Kapuskasing, Ontario, as well as the data processing and distribution for the entire SuperDARN network. The U.S. research community gains access to the entire dataset through association with SuperDARN researchers at the awardee institution, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). As the founding institution of SuperDARN, JHU/APL provides oversight and management for the entire collaboration. The JHU/APL team is responsible for the development and distribution of the core operating software for the SuperDARN radars and for much of the analysis software. JHU/APL is also responsible for assembling data from the northern and Australian radars for subsequent DVD production. The activities at JHU/APL in support of the SuperDARN facility include both community support and research functions. The wider community is supported in its use of SuperDARN data by a variety of means, including distribution from a dedicated web site and the personal involvement of JHU/APL staff. The research programs of the JHU/APL team include the response of ionospheric convection to IMF variations, the realization of a space weather capability for ionospheric electric fields, and the magnetic conjugacy of convection between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Other topics to be studied include global determination of atmospheric Joule heating, characterization of planetary waves in the mesosphere, and collaborative research with the NSF Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR). The planned construction of additional SuperDARN radars, which will both augment the existing high-latitude chains and extend coverage into the polar cap and mid-latitude regions, promises a significant boost in the supply of data for resolving critical problems in Sun-Earth connections research.