Doctoral Dissertation Research: Social Cleavages and Political Parties in New Democracies: Benin and Bolivia in Comparative Perspective

博士论文研究：新民主国家的社会分裂和政党：比较视角中的贝宁和玻利维亚

• 批准号: 0419737
• 负责人: Roger Petersen
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0419737&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Social; Cleavages

How social cleavages are represented in a party system affects important political outcomes. In particular, there are a number of reasons why it should matter whether party systems are organized along ethnic versus non-ethnic lines, beyond simply that the issues of political debate are different. These include possible links between ethnic parties and patronage politics, democratic instability, and ethnic violence. The more we know about what .causes. ethnically-based party systems, the better position we are in to design institutions and other policy interventions that prevent their dangers. Building on recent .materialist. literature in ethnic politics, this dissertation thus asks: When and why are ethnic identities politically salient in the party systems of some new democracies and economic identities in others? When are both or neither salient? This project seeks to develop an answer to these questions that applies cross-nationally, specifically to new multiethnic democracies. Methods: This project employs both in-depth fieldwork in two geographic regions and cross-national statistical analysis. Fieldwork in Benin and Bolivia during the 2004-2005 academic year will be used to test the causal mechanisms of the theory presented against those of other theories drawn from the literature using within-country comparisons over time and across regions. Benin and Bolivia were carefully chosen using a .best case. strategy; if the working theory does not hold for these cases, it should be rejected. Data will be drawn from elite interviews; ethnographic observation of election campaigns, political rallies, and other events; and census, electoral, and survey data. Other methods, such as content analysis of local newspaper articles and parliamentary debates also may be used. The cross-national component of the project will be used to explore the external validity of the findings drawn from the cases by testing key predictions. Data for this analysis will be drawn from a new cross-national dataset on political parties, which builds on Professor Kanchan Chandra.s Cross-National Database on Ethnic Parties, as well as other cross-national sources. During the term of the proposed activity, six months of field work would be conducted in each case study country, in Bolivia during September 2004 to February 2005 and in Benin during March through August 2005. Cross-national analysis will be completed during spring 2004 and fall 2005. Broader Impacts: The proposed NSF grant would fund the field research component of a doctoral dissertation in political science at MIT, thus promoting training and learning. The dissertation is scheduled to be completed by June 2006, following which the co-PI of this project will pursue a teaching career. The results of the proposed activity will be broadly disseminated. They will be presented at professional academic conferences (some proposals have already been submitted); disseminated through colloquia or working papers; and submitted in article form for journal publication. The entire dissertation will form the basis of a book manuscript. The proposed activity also has the benefit of building research networks and partnerships between American scholars and those in Bolivia and Benin through the co-PI.s continuing participation as an affiliated scholar of the Universidad de la Cordillera in La Paz, Bolivia, and the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IERPE) in Cotonou, Benin. Existing networks between American scholars and those in Benin and elsewhere in francophone West Africa, in particular, are weak. Finally, in explaining why some party systems are ethnic, this project seeks to inform policy interventions and institutional reforms that promote peace, good governance, and economic well-being in democratizing countries.

社会分裂在政党制度中的表现影响着重要的政治结果。特别是，政党制度是按照沿着族裔还是非族裔路线组织的，有许多原因值得关注，而不仅仅是政治辩论的问题不同。这些问题包括少数民族政党与庇护政治、民主不稳定和种族暴力之间可能存在的联系。我们对病因了解得越多。基于种族的政党制度，我们就能更好地设计机构和其他政策干预措施，防止他们的危险。建立在最近的. materialist。在种族政治的文献中，本文提出了这样一个问题：什么时候以及为什么种族身份在一些新民主国家的政党制度中具有政治显著性，而在另一些国家中具有经济身份？ 什么时候两者都不突出？ 该项目旨在为这些问题制定一个答案，适用于跨国，特别是新的多民族民主国家。 方法：本项目采用两个地理区域的深入实地调查和跨国统计分析。2004-2005学年期间在贝宁和玻利维亚的实地工作将用于检验所提出的理论的因果机制，并与文献中的其他理论进行比较，方法是在国家内部进行时间和区域之间的比较。贝宁和玻利维亚是根据最佳情况精心挑选的。战略;如果工作理论不适用于这些情况，它应该被拒绝。数据将来自精英访谈;对竞选活动、政治集会和其他事件的人种学观察;以及人口普查、选举和调查数据。也可以使用其他方法，如对当地报纸文章和议会辩论进行内容分析。 该项目的跨国部分将用于通过测试关键预测来探索从案例中得出的调查结果的外部有效性。这项分析的数据将来自一个新的关于政党的跨国数据集，该数据集建立在Kanchan Chandra教授的民族政党跨国数据库以及其他跨国来源的基础上。在拟议活动期间，将在每个案例研究国家进行六个月的实地工作，2004年9月至2005年2月在玻利维亚，2005年3月至8月在贝宁。跨国分析将于2004年春季和2005年秋季完成。更广泛的影响：拟议的国家科学基金会赠款将资助麻省理工学院政治学博士论文的实地研究部分，从而促进培训和学习。论文预计于2006年6月完成，之后该项目的共同研究者将从事教学工作。将广泛传播拟议活动的结果。这些建议将在专业学术会议上提出（已经提交了一些建议）;通过座谈会或工作文件传播;并以文章形式提交期刊出版。整个论文将形成一本书的手稿的基础。拟议的活动还有助于通过共同主要研究员作为玻利维亚拉巴斯的科迪勒拉大学和贝宁科托努的政治经济学实证研究所的附属学者继续参与，在美国学者与玻利维亚和贝宁学者之间建立研究网络和伙伴关系。美国学者与贝宁和西非法语国家学者之间的现有网络尤其薄弱。最后，在解释为什么一些政党制度是种族的，这个项目旨在为政策干预和机构改革，促进和平，善治，在民主化国家的经济福祉提供信息。