Eyewitness Guessing and Accuracy: Subjective Experience and Objective Determinants

目击者猜测和准确性：主观经验和客观决定因素

• 批准号: 0421657
• 负责人: Lisette Garcia
• 金额: $ 21.28万
• 依托单位: CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0421657&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Eyewitness; Guessing; Accuracy; Subjective; Experience

This series of six studies will examine eyewitness guessing from an objective and a subjective perspective. We seek to understand whether and to what extent different forms of guessing are (differentially) influenced by substantive and procedural manipulations explored in prior eyewitness research and the extent to which RKG judgments by themselves and in combination with other subjective and objective measures, can predict accuracy and account for the effects of substantive and procedural manipulations. Study 1 is a small-scale meta-analysis that will apply the Penrod (2003) analytic strategy to studies which provide complete information on hits, misses and false alarms in target-present and target-absent lineups together with the rates of false alarms on a designated target look-alike. Study 2 will examine the judgments of individuals who are inclined to make guesses and explore the nature of the "lost" accurate identifications that appear to accompany the use of sequential lineups. Study 3 will examine the effects of varying forms of target exposure on the use of Remember/Know/Guess (RKG) judgments. Study 4 focuses on the effects of bias on guessing rates, the ability of the RKG responses to differentiate accurate from inaccurate judgments and the sensitivity of use of RKG to bias manipulations. Study 5 will explore misinformation effects using the RKG paradigm. Study 6 will explore unconscious transference effects using the RKG paradigm.

这一系列的六项研究将从客观和主观两个角度考察目击者的猜测。我们试图了解不同形式的猜测是否以及在多大程度上(在不同程度上)受到先前目击者研究中探索的实体和程序操纵的影响，以及RKG判断本身以及与其他主观和客观措施相结合，可以在多大程度上预测准确性并解释实质性和程序性操纵的影响。研究1是一项小规模的荟萃分析，它将Penrod(2003)的分析策略应用到研究中，这些研究提供了关于目标存在和目标不存在的序列中的命中、未命中和错误警报的完整信息，以及指定目标外观相似的错误警报的比率。研究2将考察倾向于猜测的个体的判断，并探索伴随着顺序排列的使用而似乎“丢失”的准确身份的性质。研究3将考察不同形式的靶子暴露对记忆/知道/猜测(RKG)判断使用的影响。研究4重点考察了偏向对猜测率的影响，RKG反应对正确判断和不准确判断的区分能力，以及RKG对偏向操作的敏感性。研究5将使用RKG范式来探索错误信息的影响。研究6将使用RKG范式探索无意识迁移效应。