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Why is Japanese children's development on the guessing-mind task one year slow? : Model based on the information processing theory.

为什么日本孩子在猜心任务上一年的发展很慢？

基本信息

批准号：
14510175
负责人：
KIKUNO Haruo
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Osaka Shoin Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In Study 1, studies on the theory of mind were reviewed and discussed theories about the theory of mind. There are theory theory and bias theory. It is assumed in theory theory that children would acquire "Theory of mind" on 4 year-old. On the other hand, it is assumed in bias theory that even children younger than 4 year old would have a basic ability to acknowledge other's mind. Especially, it is possible in bias theory that the difference of development of acknowledge of the mind would be explained by the difference of information processing including working memory. In Study 2, it was examined whether there is the difference of gender on the mind inference task. The results indicated that girl's number of correct judgments on the false belief task was more than boy's. However, the results of response time indicated that there was no difference of gender. The result of correct judgment and response time suggested that boys would have ability of acknowledgement of the other's mind as well as girls although girls would use it more easily than boys. In Study 3, it was examined whether there is the difference of acknowledgement of mind between Japanese and British children. The results showed that the number of correct judgment of British children was more than one of Japanese children. In Study 4, it was examined whether there is the difference of adult' acknowledgement of mind between Japanese and British. It was examined whether there is the difference of information by which people understand the other mind between Japanese and British : their own knowledge and knowledge from other. The results showed that British judged based on the knowledge from other but Japanese judge based on their own knowledge.

在研究1中，对心理理论的研究进行了回顾和讨论。有理论说和偏误说。理论上认为儿童在4岁时就会习得“心理理论”。另一方面，在偏见理论中，假设即使是4岁以下的儿童也有基本的能力来认识他人的思想。特别是，在偏差理论中，可以用包括工作记忆在内的信息加工的差异来解释心理认知发展的差异。研究二考察了思维推理任务中是否存在性别差异。结果表明，女生在错误信念任务上的正确判断次数多于男生，但反应时的结果表明不存在性别差异。正确判断和反应时间的结果表明，男孩和女孩一样有能力承认他人的想法，尽管女孩比男孩更容易使用别人的想法。研究三考察了日本儿童和英国儿童在心理认知上是否存在差异。结果表明，英国儿童的正确判断次数多于日本儿童。研究四考察了日本人和英国人在成人心理认知上是否存在差异。研究人员考察了日本人和英国人了解他人心理的信息是否存在差异：他们自己的知识和来自他人的知识。结果表明，除日本裁判外，英国裁判是根据自己的知识进行裁判的。