Testing Fundamental Tradeoffs between Power and Efficiency in the Translational Machinery of Bacteria
测试细菌翻译机器功率和效率之间的基本权衡
基本信息
- 批准号:0421900
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2004
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2004-07-01 至 2008-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The machinery of protein synthesis is similar in all forms of life, and yet despite recent progress in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the sequence of events involved in translation, little is known about differences in the production or performance of the translational machinery between organisms. With support from the NSF, a research project was initiated to document and explain the puzzling occurrence of different numbers of ribosomal RNA-encoding genes in evolutionarily diverse bacteria. Results from this research suggest that bacteria possessing multiple copies of the rRNA genes are more competitive when resource availability fluctuates, due to their ability to synthesize ribosomes rapidly, while those possessing few rRNA genes may be more efficient at growth under constant, low-nutrient conditions. It was also revealed that the average rate of protein synthesis per ribosome correlated with the position of a strain along a spectrum between adaptation for episodic, fast growth and adaptation for slow, resource-limited growth. These results form the basis for a conceptual model that links bacterial physiology with organismal ecology and evolution. The model focuses on protein synthesis, the single largest metabolic expense in bacteria, and includes a proposed tradeoff between translational speed and resource utilization efficiency. The model challenges the widely held notion that the protein synthesis machinery in bacteria operates with little variation in performance, and brings an ecological perspective to the recent and spectacular advances in our understanding of the structure and function of ribosomes.The overall goals of the proposed research are to test aspects of this conceptual model and thereby advance our understanding of the interplay between fundamental properties of bacterial physiology, ecology and evolution, and to help graduate students develop the practical and conceptual skills necessary to make discoveries in microbial physiology and ecology. These goals will be met by addressing the following specific aims:1) Determine if there is a tradeoff between power and efficiency in the translational machinery of bacteria, and the potential impact of such a tradeoff on population growth rate and yield;2) Increase our understanding of the physiological and ecological consequences to bacteria maintaining different numbers of rRNA operons;3) Increase our understanding of the interplay between the translation machinery and codon bias, and explore the possibility of using this information to advance the analysis of genomes from uncultivated bacteria; and4) Develop the capacity for graduate and undergraduate students to think creatively and critically in the design of experiments and interpretation of results, especially as they apply to developing field tests of ideas resulting from research on pure cultures of bacteria.The PI will address the first three specific aims by a combination of approaches, including: growth studies of bacteria that have been selected to represent microbes positioned for rapid or efficient growth; direct measurements of the rate and processivity of the translational machinery; and examination of the structure of microbial communities in nature.Identifying a genomic marker (rRNA operon copy number) and the physiological mechanisms that underlie different bacterial life histories would link bacterial energetics and ecology, and provide the basis for predictive and testable models of how bacteria respond in specific environments. This information would provide insight into the competitive success of microbes present in natural and managed microbial systems, including bioreactors, waste water treatment plants, and agricultural soils.
蛋白质合成的机制在所有生命形式中都是相似的,然而,尽管最近在理解核糖体的结构和翻译过程中所涉及的事件顺序方面取得了进展,但对生物体之间翻译机制的产生或表现的差异知之甚少。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下,一个研究项目开始了,以记录和解释在进化上多样化的细菌中出现的令人困惑的不同数量的核糖体RNA编码基因。这项研究的结果表明,当资源可用性波动时,拥有多个rRNA基因拷贝的细菌更具竞争力,因为它们能够快速合成核糖体,而那些拥有很少rRNA基因的细菌可能在恒定的低营养条件下更有效地生长。它还揭示了每个核糖体的蛋白质合成的平均速率与应变的位置沿着一个频谱之间的适应情节,快速增长和适应缓慢,资源有限的增长。这些结果构成了将细菌生理学与生物生态学和进化联系起来的概念模型的基础。该模型侧重于蛋白质合成,细菌中最大的单一代谢费用,并包括翻译速度和资源利用效率之间的权衡。该模型挑战了广泛持有的观点,即细菌中的蛋白质合成机制在性能上几乎没有变化,从生态学的角度来看待我们对核糖体结构和功能的理解的最新进展。拟议研究的总体目标是测试这一概念模型的各个方面,从而促进我们对细菌基本特性之间相互作用的理解。生理学,生态学和进化,并帮助研究生发展必要的实践和概念技能,使微生物生理学和生态学的发现。这些目标将通过解决以下具体目标来实现:1)确定在细菌的翻译机制中是否存在功率和效率之间的权衡,以及这种权衡对群体生长速率和产量的潜在影响;2)增加我们对维持不同数量的rRNA操纵子的细菌的生理和生态后果的理解; 3)增加我们对翻译机制和密码子偏好之间相互作用的理解,并探索利用这些信息推进未培养细菌基因组分析的可能性;以及4)培养研究生和本科生在实验设计和结果解释方面的创造性和批判性思维能力,PI将通过多种方法的组合来实现前三个具体目标,包括:选择代表快速或有效生长的微生物的细菌生长研究;直接测量翻译机器的速率和持续合成能力;确定基因组标记(rRNA操纵子拷贝数)和不同细菌生活史的生理机制将把细菌能量学和生态学联系起来,并为细菌在特定环境中如何反应的预测和可测试模型提供基础。这些信息将提供对自然和管理的微生物系统中存在的微生物的竞争成功的洞察,包括生物反应器,废水处理厂和农业土壤。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Thomas Schmidt其他文献
Learning Parametrised RoboCup Rescue Agent Behaviour Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
使用进化算法学习参数化 RoboCup 救援人员行为
- DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-04617-9_81 - 发表时间:
2009 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Michael Kruse;Michael Baumann;Tobias Knieper;Christoph Seipel;Lial Khaluf;Nico Lehmann;Alex Lermontow;C. Messinger;S. Richter;Thomas Schmidt;Daniel Swars - 通讯作者:
Daniel Swars
Spherical fused silica cells filled with pure helium for nuclear magnetic resonance-magnetometry.
用于核磁共振磁力测定的充满纯氦的球形熔融石英池
- DOI:
10.1063/1.4938251 - 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Andreas Maul;Peter Blümler;Werner Heil;Anna Nikiel;Ernst OttenAndreas Petrich;Thomas Schmidt - 通讯作者:
Thomas Schmidt
Multidimensional Competency Assessments and Structures in VET
VET 中的多维能力评估和结构
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2017 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
T. Gschwendtner;Stephan Abele;Thomas Schmidt;Reinhold Nickolaus - 通讯作者:
Reinhold Nickolaus
Regularity of minimizers of W1,p-quasiconvex variational integrals with (p,q)-growth
- DOI:
10.1007/s00526-007-0126-5 - 发表时间:
2008-05 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.1
- 作者:
Thomas Schmidt - 通讯作者:
Thomas Schmidt
Distant Reading of Religious Online Communities: A Case Study for Three Religious Forums on Reddit
宗教网络社区的远读:以Reddit上三个宗教论坛为例
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2020 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Thomas Schmidt;Florian Kaindl;Christian Wolff - 通讯作者:
Christian Wolff
Thomas Schmidt的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Thomas Schmidt', 18)}}的其他基金
The Production and Reading of Music Sources, 1480-1530 (PRoMS)
音乐源的制作和阅读,1480-1530 (PRoMS)
- 批准号:
AH/H037969/2 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
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Research Grant
The Production and Reading of Music Sources, 1480-1530 (PRoMS)
音乐源的制作和阅读,1480-1530 (PRoMS)
- 批准号:
AH/H037969/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Research Grant
An Edition of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy's Incidental Music 'Antigone' (op. 55)
费利克斯·门德尔松·巴托尔迪的附带音乐“安提戈涅”版本(作品 55)
- 批准号:
AH/G005133/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Genomics of Terrestrial Microbial Communities Associated with the Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases
与温室气体产生和消耗相关的陆地微生物群落的基因组学
- 批准号:
0731913 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Incorporating Genomics into the MBL Microbial Diversity Course to be held at The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA
将基因组学纳入将在马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔海洋生物实验室举办的 MBL 微生物多样性课程
- 批准号:
0415401 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Conference on Ergodic Theory with Connections to Number Theory; July 21-25, 2003; Corvallis, OR
与数论联系的遍历理论会议;
- 批准号:
0303593 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Microbial Genome Sequencing: Phylogeny to Function: Genomic Analyses of Dominant, Uncultured Soil Bacteria
微生物基因组测序:从系统发育到功能:主要未培养土壤细菌的基因组分析
- 批准号:
0135880 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
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Continuing Grant
Physiological and Ecological Significance of Multiple Ribosomal RNA Operons in Bacteria
细菌中多个核糖体RNA操纵子的生理和生态意义
- 批准号:
9875254 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Microbial and Geochemical Controls on Metal Cycling in Lake Vanda
合作研究:万代湖金属循环的微生物和地球化学控制
- 批准号:
9319708 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
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Continuing Grant
Mathematical Sciences: RUI: The Chinburg Conjecture with Even Class Numbers
数学科学:RUI:偶数类钦伯格猜想
- 批准号:
9106653 - 财政年份:1991
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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