Collaborative Research: CLIMODE

0424865智力价值：该过程实验的重点是十八度水（北大西洋亚热带模式水）的形成、演化、储存、扩散和大规模后果。 模式水域是海气交换的物理表现，通过连续的冬季暴露，构成了气候系统内的长期记忆。 目前对这些水域的年更新率和相关物理机制的了解还不够；从气候学的海气通量推断出的水团转变似乎与体积分析和估计的消散过程不相容。 据推测，目前的形成速率估计是不准确的，因为（i）海气通量估计不准确，以及（ii）对侧向海洋过程了解/代表性不足。 通过综合海洋-大气观测和模​​拟研究，CLIMODE计划（CLIvar MOde水动力学实验）将：（i）研究世界海洋中所有副热带模式水域所共有的过程，这些水域存在于强纬向流的赤道地区（特别是墨西哥湾流、黑潮延伸区、东澳大利亚洋流、厄加勒斯回流和南极绕极洋流）。 (ii) 重点关注在海气交换中非常重要的区域，在分离的墨西哥湾流上空发生巨大的海洋与大气热损失，其中通量估计的不确定性很大。 (iii) 探索与副热带环流边缘冬季对流相关的水团形成、其俯冲到分层内部以及其在环流周围的扩散和消散之间的跨尺度联系。 (iv) 解决目前人们对气候模型知之甚少且未充分体现的一个关键过程——地转涡流与混合层的相互作用。 这是影响当前一代气候模型的最关键的参数化之一。 CLIMODE 将提供涡流和混合层相互作用的现场观测和分析，以支持海洋混合领域负责开发/测试参数化的 CLIVAR 气候过程团队。 更广泛的影响：CLIMODE 将产生广泛的科学影响，因为它直接解决具有气候意义但在气候模型中没有得到充分体现的海洋现象和大气-海洋耦合。 此外，通过评估/验证这些过程的气候模型参数化，CLIMODE 将产生相当大的社会影响。 CLIMODE 项目还将为参与该研究的几名研究生和博士后研究人员的职业发展做出贡献。 在为期 5 年的项目中，CLIMODE 平均每年将直接支持 5 名学生和 4 名博士后。

0424865Intellectual Merit: This process experiment is focused on the formation, evolution, storage, dispersal and large-scale consequences of Eighteen Degree Water, the subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic. Mode waters are a physical manifestation of air-sea exchange that, through successive wintertime exposure, constitute a long-term memory within the climate system. Present understanding of the annual renewal rate of these waters and the responsible physical mechanisms is deficient; water mass transformations inferred from climatological air-sea fluxes appear incompatible with both volumetric analyses and estimated dissipation processes. It is hypothesized that current formation rate estimates are inaccurate due to (i) poorly estimated air-sea fluxes and (ii) poorly understood/represented lateral ocean processes. Through a synthesis of ocean-atmosphere observations and modeling studies, the CLIMODE program (CLIvar MOde water Dynamics Experiment) will: (i) Investigate processes common to all subtropical mode waters in the world ocean, which are found equatorward of strong zonal flows (in particular the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio Extension, the East Australian Current, the Agulhas Return Current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current). (ii) Focus on a region of great importance in air-sea exchange huge ocean to atmosphere heat loss occurs over the separated Gulf Stream where uncertainties in flux estimates are large. (iii) Explore the cross-scale connection between water mass formation associated with wintertime convection on the rim of the subtropical gyre, its subduction into the stratified interior, and its dispersal and dissipation around the gyre. (iv) Address a key process that is presently poorly understood and inadequately represented in climate models - the interaction of geostrophic eddies with mixed layers. This is one of the most critical parameterizations that compromises the present generation of climate models. CLIMODE will provide field observations and analysis of the interaction of eddies and the mixed layer, in support of the CLIVAR Climate Process Team in ocean mixing responsible for developing/testing parameterizations. Broader Impact: CLIMODE will have broad scientific impact because it directly addresses oceanic phenomena and atmosphere-ocean coupling that have climatic significance but which are inadequately represented in climate models. Furthermore, through assessment/validation of the climate model parameterizations of these processes, CLIMODE will have considerable societal impact. The CLIMODE project will also contribute to the career advancement of several graduate students and postdoctoral investigators who will participate in the study. On average during the 5 year program, CLIMODE will directly support 5 students and 4 post-docs each year.