Collaborative Proposal: Local adaptation across latitudes: spatial scales, gene flow, and correlates of countergradient growth variation

合作提案：跨纬度的局部适应：空间尺度、基因流和逆梯度生长变化的相关性

• 批准号: 0425830
• 负责人: Hannes Baumann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0425830&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Local; adaptation; across

Intellectual merit: Knowledge of geographic patterns in adaptive genetic variation is crucial to species conservation, yet in marine systems our understanding of this phenomenon is virtually nil. Until recently, the belief has been that because most marine species have highly dispersive or mobile life stages, local adaptation could occur only on broad geographic scales. This view is supported by comparatively low levels of genetic variation among populations as indexed by surveys of DNA markers neutral to selection. Phenotypic variation is expected to be largely of environmental origin, especially for physiological traits that are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. Stimulated by studies of the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) and other species, these long-held beliefs are rapidly changing. The silverside shows dramatic evidence of highly structured local adaptation in a suite of coevolving physiological and morphological traits tightly associated with climate change across latitudes along the east coast of North America. Yet preliminary data from molecular genetic surveys suggest extensive gene flow along the entire latitudinal range. This project will address two central problems. The first concerns the micro-geography of local adaptation. How finely scaled is it? How is it influenced by gene flow? Is it closely tied to physical features of the coastline? Do multiple traits co-vary similarly along the same gradient? The second problem focuses on the evolution of growth rate, a trait that strongly displays countergradient latitudinal variation not only in the silverside but also in numerous other taxa. Recent experiments show that growth rate can evolve very rapidly in response to size-selective mortality, including genetic changes caused by fishing. This project will examine the correlates of growth rate evolution. We will study how trade-offs with growth rate influence development, behavior, morphology, and the ability of animals to defend against disease. This research integrates biogeography, physiology, quantitative and molecular genetics, behavior, immunology, and developmental biology. It draws upon natural and experimentally evolved populations, thereby allowing rigorous testing of hypotheses that would be impossible in most other marine species. Broader Implications: This project unites the experience of a senior investigator with the skills of two emerging junior faculty of minority background. Students working on the project will have a unique opportunity to experience both ecological and molecular genetic approaches to marine conservation. Because of the continuous maintenance and availability of captive populations of the silverside at the Flax Pond Marine Laboratory, this project provides excellent opportunities for engaging the public in science through student research projects, class demonstrations, and tours. In addition, the extensive worldwide publicity and interest generated by our recent findings on evolutionary effects of size-selective fishing represent an excellent opportunity to increase public understanding of the principles of evolution and how they affect contemporary societal issues.

智力优点：自适应遗传变异中的地理模式的知识对物种的保护至关重要，但是在海洋系统中，我们对这种现象的理解实际上是零的。 直到最近，人们一直认为，由于大多数海洋物种具有高度分散或移动寿命阶段，因此只能在广泛的地理范围内进行局部适应。这种观点得到了种群中遗传变异水平相对较低的支持，因为对选择的DNA标记物的调查索引。预计表型变异主要是环境起源，尤其是对于对环境条件高度敏感的生理特征。 这些长期以来的信念正在受到大西洋银色（Menidia menidia）和其他物种的研究刺激，迅速变化。 银色显示了一套在北美东海岸的纬度跨纬度的气候变化紧密相关的一套共同进化的生理和形态特征，表明了高度结构化局部适应的巨大证据。然而，来自分子遗传调查的初步数据表明沿整个纬度范围的广泛基因流动。该项目将解决两个核心问题。第一个涉及局部适应的微观地理。 它的缩放程度如何？ 它如何受到基因流动的影响？ 它与海岸线的物理特征密切相关吗？ 多个特征是否沿着同一梯度相似？ 第二个问题的重点是增长率的演变，这种特征强烈地表现出不仅在银色中而且在许多其他分类单元中的纬度变化。 最近的实验表明，生长速率可以响应尺寸选择性死亡率，包括捕鱼引起的遗传变化，可以非常迅速地发展。 该项目将检查增长率演变的相关性。 我们将研究增长率的权衡如何影响发展，行为，形态和动物抗病的能力。这项研究结合了生物地理学，生理学，定量和分子遗传学，行为，免疫学和发育生物学。 它利用自然和实验发展的种群，从而允许对大多数其他海洋种类不可能的假设进行严格的测试。 更广泛的含义：该项目将一名高级调查员的经验与两个新兴的少数族裔初级教师的技能结合在一起。 从事该项目的学生将有一个独特的机会来体验生态和分子遗传方法的海洋保护方法。 由于在亚麻池海洋实验室的固定剂量的持续维护和可用性，该项目为通过学生研究项目，课堂示范和旅行提供了极大的机会，可以使公众参与科学。 此外，我们最近对大小选择性捕鱼的进化影响产生的全球广泛宣传和利益，是增进公众对进化原理及其如何影响当代社会问题的绝佳机会。